tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19362958604928896882024-02-21T13:49:04.645+08:00MARREN'S SANCTUARYexpress your thoughts..Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.comBlogger63125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-77378208811859686272011-03-17T14:46:00.000+08:002011-03-17T14:51:40.539+08:00Movie Reviews<div style="text-align: justify;">These are the following movies that we watched that greatly illustrating how Technology impact Humanity:<br /><br /><strong>WALL-E</strong><br /><br />The movie Wall-E is all about a solar-powered garbage robot, the very last one who still operating on an abandoned toxic planet that looks a dreadful lot like, which is Earth. Wall-E is a rusty box sitting on caterpillar tracks, with a retractable binocular-shaped head; he compresses junk into building blocks and then piles them up into towers that are shadow-skyscrapers of waste in the ruins of an unidentified city. Electronic billboards still plug out of use products and bring us up to speed handily: Having polluted the planet with more waste than it could handle, globo-corporation Buy N Large evacuated its customers on a five-year space cruise, leaving the robots to clean up the mess. Only their calculations were a little off. It has been 700 years, and Wall-E is still at work. In this moment, we can see how the humans solely depend on the technology without even thinking the reason why the planet has come to such an awful end.<br />Alone in the world, Wall-E became a hoarder, curious enough to collect unusual bric-a-brac: a whisk, an electric light bulb, bubble wrap. His most treasured item is a VHS tape of "Hello, Dolly."<br /><br />His systems are scrambled when he bumps into Eve, a gleaming research pod from the mother ship who is sleek, egg-like design and distinctive start-up chime. At any rate, Eve is the apple of Wall-E's eye. He is so smitten; he would follow her anywhere -- even outer space.<br />There is something special about Wall-E and his pursuit. "Wall-E" also isn't alone in implying that human beings are becoming more mechanistic ourselves, though the obese overgrown babies Stanton imagines reclining in hover chairs -- pampered and cocooned from birth. I must say that the movie brought so much realization to humanity that even how powerful our technology is, still human effort and thinking prevails. We should not be dependent enough to the luxury and easiness technology can give us.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">I, ROBOT</span><br /><br />I, Robot is a story that takes place in Chicago in the year 2035 and closely based on a novel by Isaac Asimov. During that time robots are everywhere doing all tedious jobs from trash collection, cleaning, cooking and mail delivery. U.S. Robotics, the world’s largest manufacturer of robots is about to introduce a new model of NS5, a powerful robot which is capable of doing most of the household jobs. Their idea of doing this is to capture the world market with a new product but all of a sudden, the chief designer of the robot Dr. Alfred Lanning was found dead on the floor of the atrium lobby, apparently a suicide.<br /><br />Dr. Lanning had designed the robots following Asimov's 3 Laws which states that;<br />(1) A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction allow a human being to come to harm<br />(2) A robot must obey orders given by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law<br />(3) A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.<br /><br />Humans are now free to enjoy life without the normal little everyday stresses. Best of all, robots do not commit crimes. Yet one techno-phobic cop, Detective Del Spooner does not really trust the machines. There is something in his past that left a sour taste of robot metal in his mouth, and he is just waiting for the day when he can prove to everyone that he has been right all along. The day finally comes when a biggie at US Robotics, Dr. Lanning, was found dead after apparently having jumped to his death out of his office window. Spooner has a personal connection with Lanning and directly assumes the man would no more take his own life than pigs would fly. Suspicion immediately falls on Sonny, a very specialized robot who claims to dream and exhibits emotions.<br />For me the movie explores about the technological ability of humankind as well as how we can protect ourselves from any disasters caused by the same technological inventions.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">SURROGATES</span><br /><br />In the movie “Surrogates,” all of the people live in a world in which robots perform all the public tasks of their lives, allowing the lazy humans to stay safely cocooned at home.<br />In the not-so-distant future, technology has advanced to the point that humans use mind-controlled robots to go about their daily lives, letting the robots-- or surrogates-- experience the world while we relax at home in tricked-out Barcaloungers<br />Desperate to avoid the perils of everyday living, humanity has turned virtual reality into actual reality.<br /><br />Tenuously plugged into androids known as surrogates, people go about their daily activities without having to fear death from accidents, infectious diseases or any of the other risks associated with our modern world.<br />Indeed, when occasional humans unplug, they are so overwhelmed by the sensation of risk it is suggested they take anxiety medication just to walk down the street.<br />Moreover, shall we say the movie just wanted to send us a message “Welcome to the future!.”<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">EAGLE EYE</span><br /><br />Eagle Eye is a cyberspace cat and mouse adventure where humans find themselves at the mercy of the hi-tech world they have created. I can describe the movie as a paranoid political thriller that is paranoid than political. Eagle Eye could be onto something when it considers that cell phones might be controlling you, rather than the other way around.<br />As of the start of the film, you get a sense that something big is happening. Bigger than the people, we are quickly getting to know more about. Jerry Shaw is a normal person working at “Copy Cabana” and Rachael Holloman is a single mom working as a paralegal. With Jerry’s twin brother, just dying and Rachael’s son just sent off on a school field trip, they are both very alone in their sad lives.<br /><br />They are both strangers to each other and without knowing that in the end, they will be working with other to solve the mystery they are going to face. The thrill ride follows two ordinary folks, or so it seems, through a maze of calculated steps to achieve an end goal of extraordinary measures. From FBI mishaps, to the Air Force, to top-secret levels in warehouses that do not exist, when watching the movie, I felt like I was one of them. Following these two strangers everywhere. You can actually start to care for these two strangers very quickly. You want to know what is happening, which their family is and most of all what their story is all about. With a twist of fate, the two each receive a phone call from a woman with very explicit instructions to follow.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">PIRATES OF SILICON VALLEY</span><br />Pirates of Silicon Valley is a movie about the geek business, or at least the personality of the geek business. Specifically, it is about the rise and fall of Apple (yes, Apple was on top for a while and Microsoft was the underdog) and the punches that the little guy pulled trying to beat the big guys (IBM and Apple). Front and center are Bill Gates and Steve Jobs. In the wings with one liners and side explanations are the designer of the Mac, Steve Wozniak, and the two most famous right hand men of Microsoft, Paul Allen and Steve Ballmer.<br /><br />The film obediently details the skyrocketing of Apple from a manufacturer of the first cookie cutter color PCs; the Apple II, one of the biggest personal computer companies to the giant taken down by the people that helped build it up. I will never know until I watch the movie that Microsoft helped make the original Macintosh operating system.<br /><br />It shows how Apple grabbed the idea of the GUI from Xerox, how Microsoft got the first DOS from someone else, and how Microsoft started making its own interfaces. Pirates of Silicon Valley also paint an subjective depiction of the insanity of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates -- Jobs incites cross product team food fights, Gates drives a bulldozer on the grounds of the Redmond campus.<br />You will be surprised with all the twists and turns of the movie directly relating it to the reality how these tow big companies started ruling the world if technology even up to date. </div>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-35849526066032327492010-12-10T13:41:00.002+08:002010-12-10T13:54:18.539+08:00Why do we need to study Technology?<div style="font-weight: bold; font-family: trebuchet ms; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Why do we need to study Technology?</span>
<br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;">Fast changes to our society and wider imaginations have brought our world a lot of advancements and innovations life has to offer. With these changes, the lives of the people were solely affected by means of the Technology. </span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;">As we all know, Technology has been invading our world since years ago. And I could say, Technology has become part of our daily lives and considered as one need of the day. Let’s accept it; people became so dependent on technology that they could not imagine life without it.</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;">As a student inclined in Information Technology, it’s a must to somehow learn every new technological advancements that given to our society. It’s a one great way to take a leap towards success in everything that our world dreams of. I believe that every new development is a pace towards the growth of mankind. </span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;">We are lucky enough to experience the comfort and luxury brought by these new discoveries. Since our time is the time for Technology, why not spread and let the mass be aware by this modernization? Why not furnish the whole humanity with the information of the latest inventions in technology?</span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms;">There is no permanent in this world except for the word itself. So lets not hinder ourselves from learning new and exploring things that we would benefit with.</span>
<br />
<br /></div>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-25599220174505796982010-11-27T19:47:00.006+08:002010-11-27T20:06:50.906+08:002nd ICEAN Congress with DevCon<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15.8333px; "><br /> </span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:15.8333px;"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">2nd ICEAN Congress</span></span></div></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAllYRB_FtXFzfPiUuHksYAvQlsMy2DuVrNIMS9z0pUpx_IKOjDSMh64eyVvadayfxtJnRFsmLRt_H5fcWapaxgzGiASgFQbCNKmPLWi-pLnyhYy6ahVua5n3KYLUFjzRQE1zFLkM-VzvT/s1600/76797_177339072278645_100000076593676_621662_7935325_n.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAllYRB_FtXFzfPiUuHksYAvQlsMy2DuVrNIMS9z0pUpx_IKOjDSMh64eyVvadayfxtJnRFsmLRt_H5fcWapaxgzGiASgFQbCNKmPLWi-pLnyhYy6ahVua5n3KYLUFjzRQE1zFLkM-VzvT/s320/76797_177339072278645_100000076593676_621662_7935325_n.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544197949071990834" /></a><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Lucida Grande', Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin-top: 8px; margin-right: 12px; margin-bottom: 8px; margin-left: 12px; background-image: url(http://www.tumblr.com/images/input_bg.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 1.4; font-weight: normal; background-position: 50% 0%; background-repeat: repeat no-repeat; "><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Anyone could be a GEEK! The recently concluded 2</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">nd</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> ICEAN Congress proved it. IC students from all year level gathered to participate with this event which is also tagged as “DevCon in USEP” as Society of Information Technology Students is in partnership with DevCon Philippines.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">It started with a thought, and later on plan for it. The moment </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Dev</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Con was introduced to us; I had already in mind that I want to bring it to our school.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">After a week of exchanging emails from Ms. Diane Suico, the Executive Vice-President of DevCon, DevCon in USEP got its date – 26</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">th</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> of November 2010.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:13.3333px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBBT4QE1wUzS1_yJF8soKJXaWdmCMDgCScLunX7WM9pyJAEcmZp9CRSm2tDACv_cKHX4waphBRbvjAve_4RwzSI_3Ce_PGyLJ0_NVI4DK-KLG3kMwIUIEbOhguv3BGNmDL3ODCAdi_q9d8/s320/Picture+004.jpg" /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Yours truly with Ms. Diane Suico, DevCon Executive Vice President</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">2</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">nd</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> ICEAN Congress and DevCon in USEP started with a blast. Though we started late, still the organizers (SITS) managed to catch up with the schedule.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The first speaker Mr. Eric Su energized the students with his tips on Getting Jobs the Awesome Way! It then followed by with an amazing video from Mr. Milvene Mineses of Simply Gray Studio and shared to us some basic knowledge about Photography and Photoshop. He even showed us actual tools and equipments that awed the students for its overwhelming cost. After that, Edmund Lee and Rojenn Ortiz from Offsourcing Inc. took over and discussed about how important a Resume is and also gave their tips and strategies on how to write a good Resume. A group activity for the graduating and junior students was conducted for a short Resume Writing workshop.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Our dean, Engr. Val A. Quimno formally opened the afternoon session and welcomed the DevCon team. An Introduction to DevCon was made by Mark Maglana that gave an understanding what DevCon community is all about. You now graduated, now what?, one great question from our Keynote speaker Edmund Lee Offsourcing Pres., which is a very inspiring talk especially for the graduating students on deciding their future careers.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Traditional DevCon sessions which are the Lightning Talks a quick and brief talks yet very informative, Birds of a Feather and Hackathon followed after. The topics of the Lightning Talks are:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 39pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">·</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman'; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">IC on Tour by Veniza Joy Macaraeg<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 39pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">·</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman'; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Turning a Passion into a Career by Tina Ortiz, Offsouring Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 39pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">·</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman'; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Umbraco, an open source ASP.NET CMS by Jong Jison<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 39pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">·</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman'; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Piclyf by Eric Su<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 39pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">·</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman'; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">HTML 5/ CSS3 by </span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Dante Michael Afrondoza</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 39pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">·</span><span style="font: normal normal normal 7pt/normal 'Times New Roman'; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Windows 7 Mobile Development by Rodney Hao</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Freebies and prizes were given away for question-and-answer portions and in-between periods. Thanks to Microsoft, G2iX and DevCon for being our sponsors.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The wit and the arguing skills of ICEANS showed off during the Birds of a Feather face-off between Internet Browsers Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer and Google Chrome. Chrome team was declared as the winner and earned DevCon shirts as prize.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 238); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: underline; font-size:15.8333px;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbS9KE7FlX53gT3CCCSq5ZSq32rEVVpCoXxTgAK2L0ebAeZbtEBj6WiRV7Ae_iAZNY2pFSmfaBg_MtQTKkVsFzVWTlv9TtqbE_5ROPHAliJUz2AUjKPr9AZgDIy01KQ0eEFH895fOp4fpp/s320/Picture+098.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544197090375240706" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 213px; " /></span></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: normal; font-size:x-small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">BOF participants with Mark Maglana and Diane Suico of DevCon</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Simultaneously with the BOF, the Hackathon activity was held. Everyone joined in the countdown and sparked up the liveliness of the Social Hall. The winners brought home flash disks and a mouse pads from G2iX.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The event ended with picture takings. The students went home with loads of new learning and smiles on their faces.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: normal; font-size: 15.8333px; "><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCxQkAGt1MzGpw-BUlFgNATxUox1X-bzcNDMXneBt6siWyBCXk9GuAbfzjkPMJaa7bEnsF4_qStWCKxekKvH6hRcd8r7BPIFuIlr1Qt0ChfJmd_rErSmO-HCHHu2hWeqsYLHHSyXr6zvLb/s1600/Picture+210.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCxQkAGt1MzGpw-BUlFgNATxUox1X-bzcNDMXneBt6siWyBCXk9GuAbfzjkPMJaa7bEnsF4_qStWCKxekKvH6hRcd8r7BPIFuIlr1Qt0ChfJmd_rErSmO-HCHHu2hWeqsYLHHSyXr6zvLb/s320/Picture+210.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544199024464252978" style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 213px; " /></a></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; line-height: normal; font-size: 15.8333px; "><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-lFhiJhQxwlugcRiB3pl9Ndpp_echEMrDdMgzkoWyZEhtwgSmUH4tnDCBTOIopYPhe4T6QCrosZE95p5iyzrs1T5KYj8nFizIBwt8GGQHBC4BDFz97ewN4JjC9bHO_12M8nJFpGO2LMd4/s1600/Picture+040.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-lFhiJhQxwlugcRiB3pl9Ndpp_echEMrDdMgzkoWyZEhtwgSmUH4tnDCBTOIopYPhe4T6QCrosZE95p5iyzrs1T5KYj8nFizIBwt8GGQHBC4BDFz97ewN4JjC9bHO_12M8nJFpGO2LMd4/s320/Picture+040.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5544199029716986514" style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 213px; " /></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> Hackathon Winners<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>with Edmund Lee of Offsourcing Inc.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">As an organizer, I could say that I’m relieved that all my preparations paid off. Thanks to all my co-officers and faculty who supported me. Also, I want to send my sincere gratitude to DevCon for gracing us with a set of fun field activities.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">It was a wonderful experience putting up the whole event that I will never forget.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Visit also:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">devcon.ph</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Society of Information Technology Students FB Fan Page</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span lang="EN-US" style=" ;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p></p><p></p></div>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-12053985380736303172010-07-30T09:54:00.001+08:002010-07-30T10:00:56.508+08:00Network Environment<div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Interview your university network specialist. Ask how various parts of the system communicate with each other throughout the university. (Q) Given the chance to redesign the existing setup, enumerate and discuss your keypoints for an effective and efficient network environment ideal for the university. </span><br /><br /><br />We can never deny that technology is growing bigger and had made a big impact in every person’s daily life. On our case, a network is everywhere and a great area for the University to communicate within. In a network, different computer workstations are connected by cabling or wireless systems. This allows them to communicate with each other, including mass electronic mail capabilities. Workstations are sometimes attached to data handling hardware such as servers, which hold a large amount of data, and distribute it as needed to other parts of the network, all of these complex systems require staff to set up, maintain and troubleshoot the entire network to make sure that the business always has the capabilities that the network was intended to support.<br /><br />Network specialist is the one who is in charge on maintaining and supervising a network. A network specialist is someone who deals with computer networks professionally. The general category of network specialist professionals includes individuals who do a lot of different work with various computer networking systems. They are skilled in various kinds of computer repair and computer maintenance. They are a vital addition to an information technology department, because they can respond quickly to various network issues. When part of a network malfunctions, it can create an extreme problem for a business very quickly.<br /><br />In the University of Southeastern Philippines, our University Network Specialist is Engr. Ariel Roy L. Reyes, but due to the busy schedule of Engr. Reyes he decided to just cater the student as a class rather than a one on one interview. He was given a questionnaire made by the class and distributed it after. Thus, obviously almost all of us have the same thoughts.<br /><br />We have asked him how the various parts of the system in the University interact with each other. Unfortunately, he is not the right person to answer this, instead MR. Jappeht M. Fortich and Dr. Tamar Cher R. Mercado, our University Programmers were the best person to share regarding the System Development.<br /><br />Another question was “What are the components involved in the system(s) in the university? (hardware, software, technology, etc.)”<br /><br />Engr. Reyes have responded that, “I am not in the right position to discuss the details of the software components used as there are other assigned personnel for such job. However, talking about hardware component and technology used, basically I, assigned as the network administrator, is entrusted to maintain our different servers to run 24/7. Currently, we have our Web Server hosted here in our University in our HP ProLiant ML350 Server. Its an old but stable server set-up here in our Networks Office and has been active since Engr. Val A. Quimno , not yet a dean, was appointed as the Network Administrator. The said server has the following specification:<br /><br />• Intel Xeon 3.0 GHz, 3.2 GHz, or 3.4 GHz processors (dual processor capability) with 1MB level 2 cache standard. Processors include support for Hyper-Threading and Extended Memory 64 Technology (EM64T)<br />• Intel® E7520 chipset<br />• 800-MHz Front Side Bus<br />• Integrated Dual Channel Ultra320 SCSI Adapter<br />• Smart Array 641 Controller (standard in Array Models only)<br />• NC7761 PCI Gigabit NIC (embedded)<br />• Up to 1 GB of PC2700 DDR SDRAM with Advanced ECC capabilities (Expandable to 8 GB)<br />• Six expansion slots: one 64-bit/133-MHz PCI-X, two 64-bit/100-MHz PCI-X, one 64-bit/66-MHz PCI-X, one x4 PCI-Express, and one x8 PCI-Express<br />• New HP Power Regulator for ProLiant delivering server level, policy based power management with industry leading energy efficiency and savings on system power and cooling costs<br />• Three USB ports: 1 front, 1 internal, 1 rear<br />• Support for Ultra320 SCSI hard drives (six hot plug or four non-hot plug drives supported standard, model dependent)<br />• Internalstorage capacity of up to 1.8TB; 2.4TB with optional 2-bay hot plug SCSI drive<br />• 725W Hot-Plug Power Supply (standard, most models); optional 725W Hot-Pluggable Redundant Power Supply (1+1) available. Non hot plug SCSI models include a 460W non-hot plug power supply.<br />• Tool-free chassis entry and component access<br />• Support for ROM based setup utility (RBSU) and redundant ROM<br />• Systems Insight Manager, SmartStart, and Automatic Server Recovery 2 (ASR-2) included<br />• Protected by HP Services and a worldwide network of resellers and service providers.<br />Three-year Next Business Day, on-site limited global warranty. Certain restrictions and exclusions apply. Pre-Failure Notification on processors, memory, and SCSI hard drives.<br /><br />Aside from it, our mail server running under Compaq Proliant ML330 Server, our oldest server, is also hosted here in our Networks Office. Together with other Servers, such as Proxy and Enrollment Servers, both proxy and our enrollment servers are running in microcomputer/personal computers but with higher specifications to act as servers.<br /><br /><br />Next question is about the network connectivity, “How do these communicate with one another? (topology, network connectivity, protocols, etc.) – may include data flow/ UML diagrams to better explain.”<br /><br />According to him, “All Servers are connected in a shared medium grouped as one subnetwork. In general, our network follows the extended star topology which is connected to a DUAL WAN Router that serves as the load balancer between our two Internet Service Providers. All other workstations are grouped into different subnetworks as in star topology branching out from our servers subnetwork as in extended star topology. At present, we are making use of class C IP Address for private IP address assignments. Other workstations IP assignments are configured statically (example: laboratories) while others are Dynamic (example: offices). All workstations are connected via our proxy servers that do some basic filtering/firewall to control user’s access to the internet aside from router filtering/firewall management. So, whenever any workstation has to connect to the internet, it has to pass through software and hardware based firewall.”<br /><br /><br />He was asked on what are the processes involved in the communication (each system to other systems)?<br /><br />Relative to what Engr. Reyes mentioned above, all workstations are connected via a proxy server. It means that whenever a workstation is turned on, it requests for an IP address from the proxy server (for dynamically configured IP address) and connect to the network after IP address is acquired. As connection is established, each system can now communicate and share resources within the same subnetwork and to server following the concepts discuss in your Computer Network Class.<br /><br />About the maintenance of the system, they go along by always checking the network servers. He said “basically, our servers are expected to be in good condition since it is required to be up 24/7. Daily, during my vacant period, monitoring on the servers are observed that includes checking logs, checking hardware performance such as CPU health, etc. If problems are observed, remedies are then and then applied. Once in a week, regular overall checkup is observed as preventive maintenance to ensure not to experience longer downtime if possible.”<br /><br />In the question if the system follow specific standard, he mentioned that different networking standards was already observed such as cabling standards TIA/EIA 568A-B, different IEEE standards which have been discussed in your Computer Networks Subject, etc. Since he was appointed as the Network Administrator, everything was already in place except for some minor changes.<br /><br />In terms of the security of the system, the vulnerabilities and risk are being mitigated with some process. They have implemented both software and hardware based filtering/firewall which is a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting authorized communications. It is a device or set of devices which is configured to permit or deny computer applications based upon a set of rules and other criteria. Essentially, they have considered different mitigation techniques for the risks and vulnerabilities to increase the security in the University network. Aside from these things, constant monitoring on networks activity also increases the security of the system.<br /><br />With regards to some network interferences and how it affects the business cycle of the University, is somehow unexpected in any network.<br /><br />Major Interferences are normally encountered as an effect of unforeseen and beyond our control events such as black outs, and the like. The said interference would of course affect University’s day-to-day businesses for obviously this will paralyze all our activities that rely on electricity and further this might cause damage on our network devices, etc. that may later be the reason for longer downtime. Problems encountered by our providers such as connection to the National/International Gateway also affect University’s business such as correlating to University’s Business Partners outside and within the country.<br /><br />University networking is precisely apparent by most colleges and universities to be one of mainly significant issues they are facing at present. A university grounds network is far more than just a physical infrastructure and planning and building a university grounds network really means mounting an entirely new information setting that will have a profound impact on almost every aspect of campus life. In building networks, campuses are engaged in a change process that is strategically essential to their very nature and existence. For me, before you design your any network setup, you need to understand the physical and logical aspects of your current environment. From a physical standpoint, your design depends on the type and integrity of your network infrastructure.<br /><br />However, your hardware and software environment affects the details of how users adopt the system. So it is important to understand that network planning really means planning a whole new environment that will encompass information, communication, and entertainment on the campus. The network will provide a powerful, dynamic, new channel of access to the world of information. It will also enhance and fundamentally alter the communication mechanisms on campus. And whether we want it or not, the network will provide a wide range of new entertainment opportunities. This new environment will encompass or touch all the information technology area which will challenge, compete with, and sometimes replace existing modes of campus communications, information access, administrative work, power hierarchies, and budgeting systems.<br /><br />Reference:<br />http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network<br /><br /><br /></span></div>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-53202412691986512822010-07-25T09:10:00.003+08:002010-07-25T09:19:17.932+08:00<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(10, 1, 6); line-height: 18px; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:11px;"><div style="margin-top: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: auto; width: 800px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Assuming you were tapped by the university president to evaluate the new enrollment system implemented this semester, enumerate your observations/comments and suggest possible areas and ways where improvements can be made. Your observations/suggestions should be properly validated with facts and literatures...(you may start with the diagrams posted in the strategic locations of the </span></span></div><div style="margin-top: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: auto; width: 800px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">university)... </span></span></div><div style="margin-top: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: auto; width: 800px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">It is now on its second year of implementation of the new enrollment system spearheaded by our department Institute of Computing. However, I must say that there are still some lapses and failures in terms of the SRMIS especially now that sometimes I was able to use the system. It was last summer S.Y. 2008-2009 when the new enrollment system was implemented. By the use of tarpaulins posted outside each department, the students are thoroughly guided.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">With the non-IC students, they will not really pay attention to what kind of diagram use in illustrating the enrollment system, all that matters to them is that it will serve as steer for the enrollment. But until now, I could say that I’m still confused if they used a data flow diagram or a use case. </span></span></div><div style="margin-top: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: auto; width: 800px; text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;margin-top: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: auto; margin-left: auto; width: 800px; "><strong><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The New Enrollment System</span></span></strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Enrollment Procedure for New students and Transferees</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.servimg.com/image_preview.php?i=33&u=14038274" class="postlink" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); text-decoration: none; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><img src="http://i33.servimg.com/u/f33/14/03/82/74/new11.jpg" border="0" alt="" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /></span></span></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 1 – UNIVERSITY GUIDANCE AND TESTING OFFICE</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Encoding of Student Information.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Identification No. Assignment.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 2 – OFFICE OF STUDENT SERVICES (Scholars Only)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Scholarship Application.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Releasing of Scholarship Card.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 3 – ROTC/CWTS</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Registration and Sectioning of ROTC/CWTS.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Releasing of ROTC/CWTS slip.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 4 – COLLEGE</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Present enrollment requirements.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Advising / Pre-Registration.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Payment of other fees (Local Council fee, Obrero Campus Student Council fee, collegiate headlight fee and Insurance).</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Encoding.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Assessment of fees.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Temporary Certificate of Registration Printing.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 5 – STUD ACCTS. (Scholars Only)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Submit Temporary Certificate of Registration.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Posting of Accounts.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 5 – CASHIER (Paying Students)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Submit Temporary Certificate of Registration.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Payment of Matriculation.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Official Receipt Printing.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 6 – REGISTRAR</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Submit enrollment requirements.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Form 138 (High School Card).</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Photocopy of NSO Birth Certificate.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">USEPAT Entrance Exam Result.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Admission Slip.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Medical Certificate.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Certificate of Good Moral (Original).</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">2 pcs. 2x2 recent ID picture.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Prospectus of the enrolled course.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">1 pc. Long brown envelop.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Official receipt of tuition and other fees.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Printing of Official Certificate of Registration.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Enrollment Procedure for Shiftees</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.servimg.com/image_preview.php?i=34&u=14038274" class="postlink" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); text-decoration: none; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><img src="http://i33.servimg.com/u/f33/14/03/82/74/shifte10.jpg" border="0" alt="" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /></span></span></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 1 – STUD ACCTS.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Check students’ accounts.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Check balance.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Clearance signing.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 2 – FORMER COLLEGE</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Request to shift.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Recommendation to shift.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 3 – NEW COLLEGE</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Acceptance of Shiftee</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Advising / Pre- Registration.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 4 – UNIVERSITY GUIDANC</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">E AND TESTING OFFICE / OFFICE OF STUDENT SERVICES</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Student Profile Updating</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 5 – NEW COLLEGE</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Payment of other fees (Local Council fee , Obrero Campus Student Council fee, Collegiate headlight fee and Insurance).</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Encoding.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Assessment of fees.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Temporary Certificate of Registration Printing.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 6 – STUD ACCTS. (Scholars Only)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Submit Temporary Certificate of Registration.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Posting of Accounts.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 6 – CASHIER (Paying Students)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Submit Temporary Certificate of Registration.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Payment of Matriculation.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Official Receipt Printing.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 7 – REGISTRAR</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Present Clearance.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Present Official Receipts (Tuition and other fees).</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Printing of Official Certificate of Registration.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Enrollment Procedure for old students</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVfGq4lJGE5snGVOmmlWOIT9glzEZ1fGcWQSChwRiOfPltBjGvJHUu5fsO6wXe_K9cZNTupGmxtJF3F1LEt-EAlP5-Y0Dj-DshorixK3gSy5Fow2llUdqm5kTWqycQ6OzdfUZBSzlhmDAO/s320/old.jpg" style="text-align: justify;float: left; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 184px; " border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5497646175962095618" /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 1 – STUD ACCTS.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Check students’ accounts.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Check balance.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Clearance signing.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 2 – COLLEGE</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Advising / Pre- Registration</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Payment of other fees (Local </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Council fee , Obrero Campus Student Council fee, Collegiate headlight fee and Insurance).</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Encoding.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Assessment of fees.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Temporary Certificate of Registration Printing.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 3 – STUD ACCTS. (Scholars Only)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Submit Temporary Certificate of Registration.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Posting of Accounts.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 3 – CASHIER (Paying Students)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Submit Temporary Certificate of Registration.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Payment of Matriculation.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Official Receipt Printing.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">STEP 4 – REGISTRAR</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Present Clearance.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Present Official Receipts (Tuition and other fees).</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">o Printing of Official Certificate of Registration.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">It is very noticeable that the sizes of the arrows hold opposing views that much. There are arrows that looks big which I think not so as to essential to look that way. There is also an arrow from student accounts which are applicable for scholars only pointing to cashier when in fact after the scholars submitted their temporary COR to the bookkeeper and have been checked they will go directly to the registrar.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">If I were to say, the kind of arrows shown in the pictures above was not carefully thought before being posted. Maybe it was prepared well but there is no consistency with the diagrams just by looking with these small details. There are also small and big arrows pointing on the same direction which I think are better when it is drawn with definite size. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">If I may add, in consideration for the scholars, if you will see the illustration I discerned that the scholarship card validation which takes place at the office of the student’s services was not in it. For the scholars like me, could not have our Pre- Registration form (PRF) encoded unless we can have our scholarship cards (Blue cards) validated. Well in fact, almost half of the students of the university are scholars and with this small disregard may cause some problems during enrollment.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">In observation, the processes portrayed by the new enrollment system do not greatly differ to that of the old enrollment system. It has the same initial steps and same manner of dealing out with the transactions. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">It was not like that during the previous enrollment system, the previous enrollment system had the encoders give you four copies of the COR, one copy is yours; the others are to be handed to the university bookkeeper and registrar’s office. But before after paying to the cashier (for the non-scholar), they will give the student two copies of the COR, one for the registrar and one for the student. But now, they will only receive a receipt for what they have paid and then they will be waiting for a very long queue of line of students for registration. I thought is they don’t really need a lot of documents any more since the database is now computerized and will be found on the server somewhat on the steel cabinets.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">I think it was not that easy because as I have said awhile ago this time, the student will have to wait at the university registrar longer than you needed to since it takes a lot of time to print new sets of CORs. For Old students like us, I think these kinds of diagrams may be not that important at all. Old students from the university already know how the enrollment system in the university flows. Although the system was new, as for students nothing is new, we still doing the same as what we have always do during enrollment last semester. The students will just say that though they are the customers but still they are not the one operating the system so I don’t think that the tarpaulin was really needed. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Taking the side for the new students or transferees, it is really a must to have an illustration but then again the illustration posted, I think was not that accurate enough at least for those transferees. Not all transferees have to take up ROTC/CWTS; they may have already taken it up on their previous school. Transferee’s needs to have their subjects taken from other school validated here if the course or subject description is the same so that he/she don’t have to take it all over again here.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Well, there is no big deal when it comes to the process because we all know as a student, we have to do all the procedures whether we like it or not. But for the convenience of the students, the University should hire or assign more personnel to accommodate a lot of students. The university should also provide electric fans around the cashier and registrar area. The area was too small; and should be relocated to a bigger area, more conducive for us students. These areas were too small for all the students from the seven colleges. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">I suppose that there is still no major adjustment found in the system software that would affect to how the transactions are handled, the effectiveness of the system, and other factors. The speed to how the communications are processed still depends on the cooperation and how the people adopt the system.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-81895344872963105552010-02-05T12:44:00.002+08:002010-02-05T12:54:03.652+08:00<span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">USEP Pre-enrollment procedures:</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">USE CASE DIAGRAM for New students:</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">SCHEDULE FOR EXAM</span><br /><br /><a style="font-family: trebuchet ms;" href="http://www.servimg.com/image_preview.php?i=19&u=14038274" class="postlink" target="_blank"><img style="width: 669px; height: 570px;" src="http://i63.servimg.com/u/f63/14/03/82/74/use_ca10.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><ul style="font-weight: bold;font-family:trebuchet ms;"><li><span style="font-size:100%;">The student first submit all examination requirements to UGTO office.<br />The UGTO then accept the requirements then give pay slip to the student.<br />The student then pay USEPAT fee to the Cashier, then Cashier issue official receipt.<br />The student go back to UGTO then present O.R. #.<br />The UGTO then gives schedule for exam.</span></li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">EXAMINATION SCHEDULE</span><br /><br /><a style="font-family: trebuchet ms;" href="http://www.servimg.com/image_preview.php?i=20&u=14038274" class="postlink" target="_blank"><img style="width: 509px; height: 633px;" src="http://i63.servimg.com/u/f63/14/03/82/74/use_ca11.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /></span><ul style="font-weight: bold;font-family:trebuchet ms;"><li><span style="font-size:100%;">The student take USEPAT exam with english proficiency test.<br />The student will wait for results.<br />The student who passed will automatically secure an admission slip and then take medical examination.<br />The student who failed will take English Bridge Program then after secure admission slip, have a medical examination and be ready for enrollment.<br /></span></li></ul><span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" ><br /><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">OLD STUDENTS:</span><br /><br /><a style="font-family: trebuchet ms;" href="http://www.servimg.com/image_preview.php?i=21&u=14038274" class="postlink" target="_blank"><img style="width: 538px; height: 566px;" src="http://i63.servimg.com/u/f63/14/03/82/74/use_ca12.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br /></span><ul style="font-weight: bold;font-family:trebuchet ms;"><li><span style="font-size:100%;">The student should get all his grades.<br />The student process his clearance and have it all sign.<br />The student pays all the local and miscellaneous fees.<br />The student go to adviser for subject advising and be ready for enrollment.</span></li></ul>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com73tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-19893433800056415742010-02-05T11:08:00.002+08:002010-07-30T10:16:17.253+08:00STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR INFORMATION SYSTEM<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">fast forward ..., you were hired and have been tasked to develop a strategic information systems plan for a company. The company officers have extended an invitation for you to meet with them to discuss the direction of the company. Before this meeting, they have asked that you provide a list of questions with some explanation about the "why" of the question so they can be prepared, thus maximizing the output from this meeting.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Develop a list of questions you would ask the officers of the company and give an explanation and justification for each question.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">These are the list of questions:</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><ul><li>Does your company use Modeling techniques to facilitate IT planning? Why? </li></ul>In a Strategic planning, it is important to create a reference model and methodologies because it captures and characterize the enterprise which shortens the response cycle form Information Systems employment and deployment. This is in order to achieve competitiveness among other companies. It also establishes the relationship between the overall organizational</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">plan and the IT plan. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><ul><li>Why do you think that strategic planning for information systems is essential to your organization?</li></ul>Strategic planning is essential because it process your organization to establish priorities that a company would use in its future endeavor. For organizational success, strategic planning is moreover very important especially in times of increasingly rapid change in technology. Also the organization must also consider that Strategic Plans cannot succeed without people, time, money, and other key resources</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><ul><li>Does your company identify tools and methodology for your Information Technology planning? Why?</li></ul> During strategic planning, several tools and methodologies have been used to ease the development of Information Technology planning within the organization. Thus, methods existed to help the organizations to align their business strategies with the organizational strategies. It is an aid to identify the opportunities for the company to utilize Information Technology for competitive advantage. And in analyzing the internal processes of an organization, these methodologies start with the evaluation of the strategies that check the industry, competition and competitiveness. Other methodologies have been used to help create and rationalize the new uses of Information Technology to the company. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><ul><li>Does your organization prepare for an approach for Critical Success Factors? Why? </li></ul>Critical Success Factors is an approach to Information Technology Planning that has been developed to help identify the information needs of managers. It is a must to be used in order to ensure the organization’s survival and success across its very competitive marketplace. There also a lot of basic statement that an every organization shall possess which are the three to six factors that will eventually result to an organization’s success if only been used very well. Therefore, through Critical Success Factors approach, the company could continuously determine their performance in different areas especially during the stage of strategic IT planning.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><ul><li>What is the mission, vision, goals of your company? Does it support your business needs? Why? </li></ul>In every strategic planning, it is important for an organization to identify their vision, mission and goals. An organization should assure that the plan they have been establishing aligns what the organization really need. These capture the essence why an organization still exists. This also has a reference to the organization company profile. It also explains fundamental needs of the organization need to suffice. It basically conveys the core values of an organization towards its clients. It tries to express the unique nature of your company among others. On the other hand, a vision of an organization wanted to perceive what would be their organization look like in the future. How successful they would be someday. It is use to show the desire of the organization towards an end state. It definitely challenges every people in the company to reach something higher and something significant for the success of everyone in the compelling future. Since every organization has this vision, it affords a long-term focus for the entire organization to achieve. The goals and objectives of the company also describe the desired outcome of the organization that mainly sympathize the company’s mission and vision. It is very needed to clear the choices of the organizations about the future. All of these things should be flexible enough to easily adopt form the fast-emerging changes of technology towards the environment.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><ul><li>What are the principles and values does your company have been using? Why is it necessary? </li></ul>It is very important for an organization to be guided with a standard set of values and belief in order for their company to follow certain viewpoint in life that could be use for the success of the company. They provide an underlying structure for the decision making of the company which later on is a part of the organization’s culture. These values and beliefs should be applicable to the entire organization for them to understand each other within the organization. Values may be appropriate for the sake of the management, for the quality of service and for the customer’s exceptional treatment.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><ul><li>Does your company develop an Action Plan? Why? </li></ul>An action plan is an immediate stroke from the organizations goals and objectives. It is very important for a strategic planning to identify the explicit steps that should be followed to achieve the initiatives and strategic objectives for the plan. Each step just before the strategic planning has been associated with these action plans that geared towards the organizations processes, operations and procedures that been aligned to its business. The action plans illustrated who does what, when does a strategic planning be completed and how will an organization know that the steps they are doing are already completed. Action plans require the supervision of the progress of the objectives for evaluating the performance needed just like what initiatives does.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">These are the following questions that I would like to us if ever I would be hired and be invited to develop an organization strategic planning for information systems.</span></span></span></div>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-88543191713607969992010-01-30T03:24:00.002+08:002010-01-30T03:26:24.944+08:00<div style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-family: trebuchet ms; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:130%;">JOHN JUAN or PETER PEDRO?<br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">a.Obviously these two workers have different views on how the systems analysis phase should be conducted. Comment on whose position you sympathize with the most.</span><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">b.What method would you propose they take? Why?</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Consider the following dialogue between a systems professional, John Juan, and a manager of a department targeted for a new information system, Peter Pedro:</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Juan: The way to go about the analysis is to first examine the old system, such as reviewing key documents and observing the workers perform their tasks. Then we can determine which aspects are working well and which should be preserved.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Pedro: We have been through these types of projects before and what always ends up happening is that we do not get the new system we are promised; we get a modified version of the old system.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Juan: Well, I can assure you that will not happen this time. We just want a thorough understanding of what is working well and what isn’t.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Pedro: I would feel much more comfortable if we first started with a list of our requirements. We should spend some time up-front determining exactly what we want the system to do for my department. Then you systems people can come in and determine what portions to salvage if you wish. Just don’t constrain us to the old system.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"></span><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">On the conversation of Peter Pedro the manager and John Juan, a systems professional, I must likely agree on what John Juan trying to say. I understand that John Juan is basically concerned on how really the old system operates and how efficient its performance towards the users until the company decided to change. Although Peter Pedro had also the point of not dealing too much with the old system since they are afraid of just getting the same old system but with just little modifications.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">As the Requirement Elicitation Principle is concern, Peter Juan must consider that the systems professional have more knowledge than him. Not that he doesn’t know anything but the aim of requirements elicitation is to understand the problem clearly. Given that system development is determined by a problem.<br /><br />By reviewing the key documents and observing the workers perform their tasks, the problem could be literally understood. From there on they would already know what is really needed to be change and which should remain. It is right that a thorough understanding with the old system must be the first objective for with this they could already identify and elicit requirements needed for the project.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">The analysis stage is the front-end phase of the development process of computer-supported learning systems. This phase constitutes an essential step of the development process and one of the critical issues that determines the quality of the final product. The analysis phase sets the stage for the whole project. The necessary groundwork for</span><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"> understanding what the project is all about is completed in this phase. I believe that they take the strong position that the more effort you put into planning, the smoother the rest of the project will go and the better the quality will be of your final product.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">In Analyzing the problem, a system developer must first identify the goal of the system itself. And as John Juan insisted, old system must be examine first to see if there is something wrong with this. An example is the current information is costly to maintain. By then, John Juan could suggest that the next goal would be to reduce maintenance cost. Determining the goals are really a very high requirements for any projects. Next, is to identify the constraints on the solution. An example would be the requirements towards the Operating System look and feel and deciding if they would preserve it or change it.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">The goals and constraints should be perceptible in order for the developer and the client have it access at the end of the project management. All of John Juan point’s of view is on evaluating the old system to ascertain the boundary of the system, whether it is on the internal or external environment of the project.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Peter Juan must be right on saying that they should start on listing of the requirements needed. But, he must know that evaluating the old system is not constraining them from the old one, instead giving them a clear picture of a more perfect system.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Because as I have read, doing software requirements specification is not an easy one. That if you finish the software requirements specification in a single time, its already perfect. But, this should undergo revisions in order to be closer on the idea of the client.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">The scenario is just somehow related to software prototyping. It has two kinds which are the Evolutionary prototyping and the other is the throw-away prototyping. With the Evolutionary prototyping, the developer must create the prototype of the system that is created for demonstration and requirements elaboration. The reason for this is that the Evolutionary prototype, when built, forms the heart of the new system, and the improvements and further requirements will be. Simply means that this should be made to expect revisions from the old system to the new one.<br /><br />While throw-away prototyping is a model that eventually be discarded and would not be used for the new system. But throw-away prototyping can be done quickly, so it is much advantage for the system developer. If the users can get quick feedback on their requirements, they may be able to refine them early in the development of the software.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Analysis is the stage by which the needs and conditions of the problem are determined in order to specify the characteristics of the system under development.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">This also includes on identifying the requirements resources. Such as the Stakeholders</span><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">The domain, the operational environment, the organizational environment , the organizational environment and the application domain.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Next, is to elicit the necessary requirements for the project. So by assessing the old system based on John Juan’s perception, the system developer could actually find out what the users really need. It is not about on what the stakeholders say or opinion. Because not all of the stockholder’s requirements is realistic. Not all information from them would be useful. So before spending too much on doing a non directional system, it is better if they study first the current system leading to specifications to the new system.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">Basically, if you just think like a Systems Analyst, obviously you would also choose the side of John Juan.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">References:</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_prototyping</span><br /><span style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">http://www.scribd.com/doc/4052801/Introduction-to-System-Analysis-and-Design</span></div>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-38364251128406153352010-01-30T01:47:00.003+08:002010-01-30T02:01:17.891+08:00<span style=";font-family:trebuchet ms;font-size:100%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} p {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} span.focusparagraph {mso-style-name:focusparagraph;} span.medtxt {mso-style-name:medtxt;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:1197279915; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:-333966458 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--> </div><p style="text-align: center; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc2BkR7PaBU-X6Kho8_k3DFSSCS-W0RonoYDzTfBzUxkeNJFXHxRyb_X-tHnkIWRYoSjDcL659lvwoZpaetdXj9i8PN2vpv5Bn_sB_fWG_cTqLyRmuux9lfVKT6z397TNumcpZ2j5Fi3lw/s1600-h/images.jpeg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 207px; height: 101px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc2BkR7PaBU-X6Kho8_k3DFSSCS-W0RonoYDzTfBzUxkeNJFXHxRyb_X-tHnkIWRYoSjDcL659lvwoZpaetdXj9i8PN2vpv5Bn_sB_fWG_cTqLyRmuux9lfVKT6z397TNumcpZ2j5Fi3lw/s320/images.jpeg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5432220601153004802" border="0" /></a></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style=""><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);font-family:trebuchet ms;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style=""><br /></span></span></p><br /><span style="color:blue;"><span style="line-height: normal;font-size:18px;" ><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><div style="margin: auto; text-align: center; width: 100%;">GOOGLE Business Model </div><br /></span></span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="color:darkblue;"><div align="justify">As we have witness for today, World Wide Web have contributed a lot to the lives of many people not just the simple things we do but has come to affect our daily life. Since internet is used for a lot of things like chatting, for research and many more. And one of the most popular corporation that specialized Internet search is Google.<br /><br />As I first use the internet and have signed up for an e-mail account, honestly, I haven’t thought of using Google since I’m not familiar of it. But just came in my second year in college I observe that Google have more exciting services in my opinion than the other one I used before.<br /><br />But before Google reached its highest peak of achievement towards the very competitive environment, let just go back first from its brief history.<br /><br />Google began in January 1996, as a research project by Larry Page, who was soon joined by Sergey Brin, when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California.They hypothesized that a search engine that analyzed the relationships between websites would produce better ranking of results than existing techniques, which ranked results according to the number of times the search term appeared on a page.<br />The name "Google" originated from a misspelling of the word "googol",which refers to 10100, the number represented by a 1 followed by one hundred zeros.<br /><br />Since all of us are already dependent on the internet, Google has made a part of every person using the cloud. Aside from Internet searching, it also produces profits from the advertising company through its services like free-to-user email, social networking, video-sharing services and a lot more.<br /><br />Information Technology basically plays a big role on how Google works. We use Google as a search engine to obtain information in the internet. Thus, their Information Technology department would likely be responsible for storing information, protecting information, processing the information, transmitting the information as necessary, and later retrieving information as necessary. Google is a place with a very high percentage of tech-savvy people.With this, Google think of creating a technology environment where they can capture the users need and eventually get a more chance to improve the quality of management they have. And yes, acquiring additional contented and happy users. The ability of Google to build their own high-performance systems that are not that costly and can still do massive workloads is such a great IT advantage to Google.They have used it as an advantage for offering a lot of services that cater all the needs of the people using the Internet.<br /><br />According to Hitwise, Google now has 64 percent of the total search market. These days, searching on google just takes between 0.12 to 0.06 seconds. We could say that it is really, really fast. Google had also build their own servers and storage systems.<br />Google held on to its commanding lead as the preferred search engine in the U.S. in May, processing almost 60 percent of all queries filed, way ahead of its two closest competitors Yahoo and Microsoft.<br />Google nabbed 59.3 percent of search queries, followed by Yahoo in a very distant second place with 22 percent and Microsoft's MSN with 12.1 percent, according to market researcher Hitwise.<br />With the Google huge infrastructure, it has establish a more firm barrier to its rival and maintaining a competitive attitude towards the market.<br /><br />In every success of a company, competition could never be avoided. Thus, despite of all the achievements Google has, competitors would always be there.<br /><br />Google Competitors :<br /><br />• Yahoo!<br />• Ask.com<br />• MSN<br />• AOL<br />• Teoma<br />• Wisenut<br /><br /><br /><a href="http://www.servimg.com/image_preview.php?i=18&u=14038274" class="postlink" target="_blank"><img src="http://i63.servimg.com/u/f63/14/03/82/74/g13.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a><br /><br />This is a comparison table that simply shows how competitive Google is in the Market.<br /><br /><br />Google had been in the business for so long. A lot of services had come and go I guess. But there’s a lot of new services that brought excitement to every user of Google. The services like, several desktop applications, including Google Desktop, Picasa, SketchUp and Google Earth, an interactive mapping program powered by satellite and aerial imagery that covers the vast majority of the planet. Also the Google Docs and Google Calendar which I personally used now. Another is the Google Chrome, an open-source web browser. Just last year, Google Latitude have been launched. It is a software that allows users of mobile phones and other wireless devices to automatically share their whereabouts with family and friends.<br /><br />We have known Google mainly as just a promising search engine but there are some features of what made it unique form the other search engines. Like Gmail, a web-based e-mail that allows user to store up to 1Gb. Thus, letting the users to store their mails even the oldest one without thinking of deleting it worrying that the inbox would later on hit the limits of mail. We are familiar of GoogleMaps which let users to search for places and driving directions. As a search engine, it is always a plus factor for processing the information very fast. The speed of Google has also been a key factor in its success.<br /><br />Google might be different from the other because they develop tools and unique applications that internally useful and it is made originally by the Google engineers and later on releases it to the World. It is not all about these tools, but how uniquely the Company unconventional IT strategy made Google different from the other.<br /><br />And What makes Google so great? It sets the standard for Silicon Valley: free meals, swimming spa, and free doctors onsite. Engineers can spend 20% of time on independent projects. No wonder Google gets 1,300 resumes a day. These are just few of the services and facts that made Google more unique to its competitors.<br /><br />If you are just a plain Google user, you will never bother to know on how your searches really works. But for Google Engineers, they would be require to think both insanely on how to deliver the best results to the user. As I have remembered on one of the seminar I have attended, just a simple search for “an orange” compromised about 120 bytes of data. It is not really easy to work on Google. As it founded by geeks and will also be run by geeks. A company where 650 smart people gather to develop more helpful tools to the many. And they believe that the most important thing they will always remember is to understand its user and get their attention, especially their trust.<br /><br />References:<br /><br /><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5131Z620090204" target="_blank">http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5131Z620090204</a><br /><a href="http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=192300292" target="_blank">http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=192300292</a><br /><a href="http://www.programmersparadox.com/2008/03/17/googles-unique-advantage/" target="_blank">http://www.programmersparadox.com/2008/03/17/googles-unique-advantage/</a><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google</a></div></span></span>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-86842529905425537282010-01-02T20:58:00.001+08:002010-01-02T22:37:24.734+08:00IS Professional and users frustrations<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>What are the two most frequently experienced causes of frustration of IS professionals and users while working on an IS plan?</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span style="line-height: 150%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></span></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b><br /></b></span></span></span></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span style="line-height: 150%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>In every organization or business transactions, one individual could never avoid the fact that any project it not always lead to achievement of the plan. Since, they are working with an Information System Plan, a strategic planning must be consider.<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></span></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span style="line-height: 150%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></span></i></span><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. Various business analysis techniques can be used in strategic planning, including SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats ) and PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis) or STEER analysis involving Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors. According to other source, strategic plan is a document used by an organization to align its organization and budget structure with organizational priorities, missions, and objectives. It is also a process of comprehensive, integrative program planning that considers, at a minimum, the future of current decisions, overall policy, organizational development, and links to operational plans. . A satisfactory strategic plan must be realistic and attainable so as to allow managers and entrepreneurs to think strategically and act operationally. In align with that, strategic plan must be reliable and suitable for the need of the company.<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>In doing a strategic plan, it is not really known to everyone that there are frustrations that may trigger. Frustrations in a way that it may cause depression and stress to the professionals and users that are doing it. In doing an Information Strategic plan, it is really a must that the user and the professionals doing it must first determine the company’s background and other facts and information that can help and then again be a useful tool for the planning.<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span style="line-height: 150%; "><o:p><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span style="line-height: 150%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Like in the situation of any IS professional, the Systems Analyst/Software Engineers which always consider their clients with systems that they are working on. Seldom it is being denied by the involve parties, that the systems they are developing, least on what they are expecting will lead to failure. Thus, giving frustrations to the Systems Analyst/ Software Engineers itself and especially to the users.<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></span></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>In today's increasingly competitive marketplace, an organization can't afford to fall short in strategic decision-making or execution. But, finding out where and why efforts are falling short can be tricky.</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 12pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Organizational</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>frustration</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>has been defined by Paul Spector in a very similar fashion, and refers to an interference with goal attainment or maintenance that is caused by some stimulus condition within the organization (Spector, 1978). It has been further narrowed to be defined as the interference with an individual’s ability to carry out their day to day duties effectively (Keenan & Newton, 1984). The sources of organizationalfrustration</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>put forth by Spector include the physical environment (both natural and man-made), the organizational structure and climate, the rules and procedures of the organization, and individuals both in and out of the organization. In addition, the concept of situational constraints (Peters & O'Connor, 1980) has been hypothesized to contribute to organizational</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>frustration</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>(Storms & Spector, 1987). Spector (1978) suggested four reactions to organizational</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>frustration</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>: 1) an emotional response of anger and increased physiological arousal, 2) trying alternative courses of action, 3) aggression, and 4) withdrawal. Of the behavioral reactions, only the second one – that of trying alternative courses of action to obtain the goal – is an adaptive response,</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>while</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>the other three are maladaptive. It is likely that the emotional reaction accompanies one of the three behavioral reactions, although the emotional reaction may be maladaptive by itself and become a further impediment to goal attainment. Clearly, should an individual become frustrated, it is in the best interests of the organization to have the individual respond in an adaptive way and attempt to find another solution to the problem in a clear decisive manner. Spector also put forth the idea that some mild forms of</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>frustration</b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 150%; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>may be seen as challenges rather than problems for some individuals, thus causing a motivational effect rather than a hindering effect and increasing the likelihood of an adaptive response rather than a maladaptive one.</b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span style="background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white;mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">Frustration</span></span></span></i></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background:white;mso-shading-themecolor: background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>with technology is a major reason why people cannot use computers to reach their goal, hesitate to use computers, or avoid computers altogether. A recent study from the Pew Internet and American Life study found that a large percentage of people never go online, because they find the technology to be too frustrating and overwhelming (Pew, 2003). Currently, 42% of Americans do not use the Internet, in large part because they find it to be frustrating and confusing. This is not surprising; previous research on user</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white;mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">frustration</span></span></span></i></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>found that</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white; mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">users</span></span></span></i></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background:white;mso-shading-themecolor: background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>wasted nearly one-third to one-half of the time spent on the computer, due to frustrating experiences (Bessiere, 2002; Bessiere, Lazar, Ceaparu, Robinson, & Shneiderman, 2003).</b></span></span></span></i><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Unfortunately, computer applications are often designed with interfaces that are hard to use, and features that are hard to find. Even government web sites, which are supposed to provide easy access to government information for all citizens, are</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white; mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">frequently</span></span></span></i></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>hard to use and produce high levels of </b></span></span></span></i><span style="background:white;mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>user</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">frustration</span></span></span></i></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>(Ceaparu, 2003).</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white; mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">Frustration</span></span></span></i></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>with technology can lead to wasted time, changed mood, and affected interaction with colleagues. When</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white; mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">users</span></span></span></i></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>in a workplace are frustrated with their computers, it can lead to lower levels of job satisfaction (Murrell & Sprinkle, 1993). In some cases, user</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white;mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">frustration</span></span></span></i></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>with technology can even lead to increased blood volume pressure and muscle tension (Riseberg, Klein, Fernandez, & Picard, 1998)</b></span></span></span></i><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Research on computer</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white;mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">frustration</span></span></span></i></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>has shown that that computer self-efficacy and attitudes play a significant role in reducing the</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white; mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">frustration</span></span></span></i></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background:white;mso-shading-themecolor: background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>levels in computing. Level of comfort with the computer and the determination to fix a problem, which are associated with a high level of computer self efficacy, both appear as important factors in both the immediate experience of</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white;mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">frustration</span></span></span></i></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="background:white;mso-shading-themecolor: background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>as well as the overall</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white; mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">frustration</span></span></span></i></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>level after a session of computer use. In the previous study on computer</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white;mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">frustration</span></span></span></i></span></b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>, computer attitude variables mediated the experience of</b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><b><span style="background:white; mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">frustration</span></span></span></i></span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>but experience did not. Simply using a computer, therefore, does not lessen user </b></span></span></span></i><b><span style="background:white;mso-shading-themecolor:background1"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;">frustration</span></span></span></i></span></b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>; rather it is one’s attitude towards it and comfort with it.</b></span></span></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 0in; line-height: normal; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Computers can be valuable tools, and networked resources via the Internet can be beneficial to many different populations and communities. Unfortunately, when people are unable to reach their task goals due to frustrating experiences, this can hinder the effectiveness of technology.<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Computing systems this era raises high in a short period of time. Though our country is a 5 year behind than those countries abroad, still using internet is a common tool for someone like in communications. And more likely in a business, it is also a trend of using internet and intranet in their operations since it can help progress their company. Now a day, an even small scale business also acquires using internet and computers for their daily routine. That is because it can help them improve their skills and at the same time it can lessen the work load since using computers doesn’t requires much time. <o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 0in; line-height: normal; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Some organizations, are simply better than most at producing results. Likely, they have learned to address frustrations, any one of which is capable of stymieing the effectiveness of the organization. It maybe they are not performing their duties well. Besides, the execution of their strategic plan may be lacking. There could also be business results that are not optimal.<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 0in; line-height: normal; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Strategic execution is a difficult discipline for any organization. </b></span></span></span></i><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>They might say that "We don't need more knowing; we need more doin</b></span></span></span></i><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>g." This usually leads to frustration; a feeling that your annual strategic planning process is ineffective. And in the end resulting to disappointment with the lack of action, traction, and results from your strategic planning efforts.<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align: justify;text-indent: 0in; line-height: normal; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Improving business results is the primary reason for engaging in strategic planning, yet in many organizations, this common exercise feels like an exercise in futility. Initially, holding a strategic planning session brings the executive team together by stimulating a lot of good conversation and new ideas. This feels good at the time, but unfortunately, it's usually nothing more than a temporary "sugar buzz." Once the session is over and the enthusiasm begins to fade, each team member returns to the status quo. They quickly get pulled back into tactical fire fighting, focusing their attention on their own department needs rather than the organizational plans agreed to in the planning session. Without clear, consistent action on shared initiatives, the entire organization struggles to establish any kind of momentum. </b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Basically, we could never say or predict what will happen in every system that will be developing by any Systems Analyst/Software Engineers and so on throughout their job. To have a touch of reality here, we have interviewed an IS professional on what did he thinks the </b></span></span></span></i><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>two most frequently experienced causes of frustration of IS professionals and users while working on an IS plan. <o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>According to him the following could be considered as the usual frustrations any IS professional and users may encounter during an IS Plan.<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>·</b></span></span></span></i><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Budget<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><o:p><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>A budget is one of those pivotal tools that is used across many departments within a company. For the developers, it dictates how much time to spend on specific areas of the application. For the project manager, it's a baseline used to determine whether the project is on track. For sales or the client, it correlates directly to the success of the effort. It's no surprise that one of the biggest issues in creating a budget is interpretation.</b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> <o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Based on their organization, there are certain situation that the budget for a particular project is not properly allocated. Thus, giving a perspective for them on not continuing the project since they have given limited resources and eventually could make the project fail. This is really a frustration to the Software developer’s side especially if the system is already in the process of User Acceptance Test. It is already hard for them to continue for they have insufficient funds. <o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Regardless of how close you come to reality, a client will be much happier if your project comes in below budget than over it; however, too high a risk value can create sticker shock, revealing inexperience and creating misgivings about your management abilities. By following the guidelines we've suggested and applying some common sense, you can be assured that your team, project drivers, and client will enjoy the benefits of a well-estimated project.</b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>At the same time the user will be more frustrated because the deliverables are not being given to them properly and on time. The time problem could also be included in this frustration for if less budget is allocated to a certain project, there will be a tendency for the developer to cram if it already in the period of presenting it to its client. As I have said, the users are expecting for the said project to be deliver on that time then because of some delays, the developers tend to commit mistakes and in the end, ensuing to a project failure. And another big cost is at stake for this letdown.<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>·</b></span></span></span></i><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Well-Structured design <o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Another would be this one, according to him, the design of a certain system should be in a manner of a well-structured design so that in a middle of any software development the client would not always complain. Because for them, the users have the tendency of adding up enhancements to their system. Suggesting new additional features, hence, the system will be prone to bugs. It would be a great frustration for the developers because they could not easily perfect the system for the complaints of the client can give to them. Also, in the user’s side, it would be a frustration for the slow productivity the developer could have give to them. <o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><o:p><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>Both on the users and developers are the frustrations could been experiences. Since they are both involved in the Information System Plan, they cannot avoid these certain things. For the developers, it is very frustrating for not giving the proper service to their clients and not offering the satisfaction the users should also accept. It is just so sad to hear that these frustration are being encountered also because of the developer or the user either. For the reason that every success of a system comes from the cooperation of the involve people. Not to play as the worsening effect to any developer or a user instead. <o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>References:<o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><a href="http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/workforce-management-hiring-consulting/872033-1.html"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/workforce-management-hiring-consulting/872033-1.html</b></span></span></span></i></a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><a href="http://www.stanford.edu/group/siqss/itandsociety/v01i03/v01i03a02.pdf"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>http://www.stanford.edu/group/siqss/itandsociety/v01i03/v01i03a02.pdf</b></span></span></span></i></a></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b>to our interviewee from Davao Light and Power Company</b></span></span></span></i><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></span></i></p> <p style="text-align: justify;margin-left: 0.5in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><o:p><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></o:p></p> <p style="text-align: justify;background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><o:p><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><b> </b></span></span></span></i></o:p></p>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-20599547699812543282010-01-02T20:56:00.000+08:002010-01-02T20:57:43.750+08:00University Life Cycle<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); ">Consider your school, how do you know that the life cycle was developed specifically for the university. How do we know it meets our needs?</span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS'; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Every organization have establish a life cycle to follow in order to manage and supervise every transactions its organization processes. Let us consider our own, the University of Southeastern Philippines. The organizational life cycle would be the life cycle of an organization from birth level to the termination. There are many stages that should be consider in administering the University itself. At the foundation of effective management for any organization is the fundamental truth that all</div><div style="text-align: justify;">organizations, like any living organisms, have a lifecycle and undergo very predictable and repetitive patterns of behavior as they grow and develop. At each new stage of development an organization is faced with a unique set of challenges. How well or poorly management addresses these challenges, and leads a healthy transition from one stage to the next, has a significant impact on the success or failure of their organization. Organizations go through different phases of growth. The first challenge for leaders who wish to grow their organizations is to understand what phase of the organizational life cycle one is in.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Different experts will argue on how many phases there are, but there is elegance in using something easy to remember. Many are saying that the organizational life cycle is divided into phases. From Startup. (or Birth), Growth, Decline. When in decline, an organization will either undergo renewal or death. Each of these phases present different management and leadership challenges that one must deal with.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">As Henry ford says, “Getting ready is secret to success”. Basically our University have set plans to start the organization, not just to establish foundation but also through the phase of making the organization grow. These is the stage where an organization should expects to see revenues climb, new services and products developed, more employees hired and so on. We could also see the decline phase as part of the organizational cycle. This is sometimes encountered when there is a transformation development involve in the University’s processes. One example would be the sudden change of the Enrollment Information System used by the University. Because we can never assure that all will easily adopt we this unexpected decision of the Administration. The involve people have the tendency to resist with this transformations. So in result, the new products will not boost because of the less support given by the people. Fortunately, the University is doing good with the newly Student Registration Management Information System (SRMIS) and in the stage of satisfying the customers’ needs. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">We can say that any organization could not have decide to follow any life cycle without any basis or guide to success. Below is the Vision and Mission of the University of Southeastern Philippines.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><strong>Vision</strong></span></div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">By becoming a premier university in the ASEAN Region, the USEP shall be a center of excellence and development, responsive and adaptive to fast-changing environments. USEP shall also be known as the leading university in the country that fosters innovation and applies knowledge to create value towards social, economic, and technological developments.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">From the presented Vision of the University, it’s obvious that the Administration have been working out to achieve its dream for the betterment and improvement of the University. As it aims to be a premier University in the ASEAN Region, the University is now developing and building up proper procedures that could made University of Southeastern Philippines to be the top of all. Also, this could serve as a foundation of establishing a sanctuary of excellence and development toward our Region. With all the different events and projects the University have been pursuing and implementing, I think they have given every people involve in its organization a reason to cooperate and believe that they are really doing all these things for the sake of the University.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The following are just the living evidences to ensure that the University of Southeastern Philippines will become the home of quality and improvement across all nations.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><i><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>USeP-DOST AFNR PROJECT</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Accelerated Teacher Education Program</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Comprehensive Irrigation Research & Development Umbrella Program</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Continuing Professional Development </i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency and Accreditaion Program</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Institute of Languages</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Knowledge for Development Center in Davao</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Lifelong Study Center</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Mindanao E-Learning Space</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Mindanao Center for Policy & Development Studies</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Mindanao Center for Technical Education & Staff Development</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Mt. Malindang Biodiversity Research Programme</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Pamulaan Center for Indigenous Peoples Education</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Southern Mindanao Agriculture & Resources Research & Development Consortium</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Teacher Training Center for Mindanao</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>University Guidance and Testing Office</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>World Bank - Knowledge for Development Center</i></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><i>Zonal Computerization Center Eastern Mindanao</i></span></div></i><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">These University’s Centers are in strive to serve its people in the way that all will be satisfied. These will enhance the capability of the institution through curricular program innovations, facilities and manpower upgrading, and enterprise development projects that provide students with adequate training and education. Through this institutional capability enhancement project, the University will contribute its share in enhancing the demand by raising the quality of graduates with industry-desired skills, competencies and attitudes as workers and leaders in the competitive labor market and the progressive entrepreneurial world.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">There are also programs that envisions to mainstream not only the graduates but also the teachers which is the Accelerated Teacher Education Program (ATEP). ATEP builds on the existing knowledge and skills in Islamic education and teaching experience in the Madrasah of madaris teachers. It evaluates and accredits prior learning and experience of the Asatidz, and allows them to upgrade their professional qualification while maintaining their teaching job in the public school or pilot private madaris.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Let us admit that because of the fast-changing of our environment, our University is in the stage of becoming a responsive and adoptive organization to all these transformations. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">One program that is being implemented now is the Lifelong Study Center (LSC). The institutionalization of a Lifelong Study Center (LSC) is a policy response to change and globalization. In the present knowledge-based economy that characterizes the world, it is meant to sustain economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion in this part of the country. Lifelong learning, which is the characteristic of the LSC, is considered not only central to competitiveness and employability; it is also central to social inclusion, active citizenship and personal development.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Lifelong learning encompasses learning for personal, civic and social purposes as well as for employment-related purposes. It takes place in a variety of environments in and outside the formal education and training systems. It implies raising investments in people and knowledge; promoting the acquisition of basic skills, including digital literacy; and broadening opportunities for innovative, more flexible forms of learning. It transforms formal education and training systems in order to break down barriers between different forms of learning. It connotes a shift in our thinking of the fundamental organizational unit of education from the SCHOOL to the LEARNER.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal; "><strong>Mission</strong></span></div></strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">USeP shall produce world-class graduates and relevant research and extension through quality education and sustainable resource management.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Particularly, USEP is committed to:</div><div style="text-align: justify;">• Provide quality education for students to grow in knowledge, promote their well-rounded development, and make them globally competitive in the world of work;</div><div style="text-align: justify;">• Engage in high impact research, not only for knowledge’s sake, but also for its practical benefits to society; and,</div><div style="text-align: justify;">• Promote entrepreneurship and industry collaboration.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Based on the presented Vision and Mission, we could see that our University is really aspiring for a better organization in the future not only in Mindanao but also in the whole Philippines and of course globally. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Leading an organization through lifecycle transitions is not easy, or obvious. The same methods</div><div style="text-align: justify;">that produce success in one stage can create failure in the next. Fundamental changes in leadership and management are all required, with an approach that delicately balances the amount of control and flexibility needed for each stage. Leaders who fail to understand what is needed (and not needed) can inhibit the development of their companies or plunge them into premature aging. The challenges that every organization must overcome at each stage of development first manifest themselves as problems that arise from the growth and success of the company and from external changes in markets, competitors, technology and the general business and political environment.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Thus, any organization cannot avoid the problems will be arising throughout its years of service. Problems are normal and desirable. Problems are the natural result of change. The only place on the lifecycle of an organization where there are no problems is the place where there is no change, which is Death. Your reward for successfully resolving the problems that confront you today, is a set of new problems tomorrow that will be larger and more complex. If your organization faces a high rate of change in your markets, technology or industry, your challenge is magnified. The faster the rate of change, the faster problems appear and grow.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">That is why the University’s Administration is not only working alone, but as a whole team. Thus, making the University as a leading university in the country that promotes modernization and applies knowledge to create value towards social, economic, and technological developments. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">You can drive your organization faster when you know the road ahead. Most of the issues you face are common to all organizations. There is no need for you to reinvent the wheel.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Organizations go through different life-cycles just like people do. Over time, they develop a certain kind of wisdom that sees them through many of the challenges in life and work. The University have gone to various planning stage, testing and later on the level of maintaining all the things that they have developed. Not all plans would result to success, so the University in certain times have to evaluate itself also. Because of this they learn to plan and to use a certain amount of discipline to carry through on those plans. They learn to manage themselves. To survive well into the future, organizations and programs must be able to do this, as well.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Since we can see changes from all the products that our University has offer to us for the past years, I think these have proved that the University truly follow a life cycle as a guide for its Vision and Mission. I guess, from this time on, the University have that understanding that gives them a sense of perspective and helps them to decide how to respond to decisions and problems in the workplace that they will be encountering in the future. And all the programs and projects that have been implemented had gone to a cycle of methodologies in order to reach its goal towards success.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">References:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://managementhelp.org/org_thry/org_cycl.htm" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); ">http://managementhelp.org/org_thry/org_cycl.htm</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://managementhelp.org/grow_biz/grow_biz.htm#anchor581127" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); ">http://managementhelp.org/grow_biz/grow_biz.htm#anchor581127</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.usep.edu.ph/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; "></span></a><a href="http://www.usep.edu.ph/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); ">http://www.usep.edu.ph</a></div></span>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-80153746097965318522009-12-23T05:39:00.005+08:002010-08-31T17:46:03.524+08:00Systems Development Model<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', serif;"><b></b></span></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms', serif;"><b><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">PROCESS MODELS</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) process applies to information system development projects ensuring that all functional and user requirements and agency strategic goals and objectives are met. The SDLC provides a structured and standardized process for all phases of any system development effort. These phases track the development of a system through several development stages from feasibility analysis, system planning and concept development; to acquisition and requirements definition; design; development; integration and testing; deployment and acceptance; though deployment and production; and finally to system retirement.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Various Systems Development Life Cycle methodologies have been developed to guide the processes involved, and these are the Software Process Models.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">According to Kerem Kosaner (2008), Process models are processes of the same nature that are classified together into a model. Thus, a process model is a description of a process at the type level. Since the process model is at the type level, a process is an instantiation of it. The same process model is used repeatedly for the development of many applications and thus, has many instantiations. One possible use of a process model is to prescribe how things must/should/could is done in contrast to the process itself which is really what happens. A process model is roughly an anticipation of what the process will look like. What the process shall be will be determined during actual system development.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">A software process model is a development strategy that incorporates the development process, methods and tools used to design software. It is chosen based on the nature of the software and the methods and tools used in development. It often represent a networked sequence of activities, objects, transformations, and events that embody strategies for accomplishing software evolution. Such models can be used to develop more precise and formalized descriptions of software life cycle activities. A software process model is an abstract representation of a process. It presents a description of a process from some particular perspective.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">These software models are classified as the traditional process models and the process models in recent times. There are many to mention software process models. So let me identify and discuss at least three of the systems development model.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The waterfall modelThe waterfall model is a popular version of the systems development life cycle model for software engineering. Often considered the classic approach to the systems development life cycle, the waterfall model describes a development method that is linear and sequential. Waterfall development has distinct goals for each phase of development. Imagine a waterfall on the cliff of a steep mountain. Once the water has flowed over the edge of the cliff and has begun its journey down the side of the mountain, it cannot turn back. It is the same with waterfall development. Once a phase of development is completed, the development proceeds to the next phase and there is no turning back.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Waterfall model phases</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><i>Requirements analysis and definition</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">What is a requirement?</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">It may range from a high-level abstract statement of a service or of a system constraint to a detailed mathematical functional specification. This is inevitable as requirements may serve a dual function and it may be the basis for a bid for a contract - therefore must be open to interpretation. Also may be the basis for the contract itself - therefore must be defined in detail. Both these statements may be called as a requirement.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Requirements definition: A statement in natural language plus diagrams of the services the system provides and its operational constraints. Written for customers</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Requirements specification: A structured document setting out detailed descriptions of the system services. Written as a contract between client and contractor</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Software specification: A detailed software description which can serve as a basis for a design or implementation. Written for developers</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">In this phase, establishing what the customer requires from a software system must the main concern. It is necessary to remember first the requirements needed in a systems development life cycle. The problem is specified along with the desired service objectives (goals) and the constraints are being identified.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><i>System and software design</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">In System Analysis and Design phase, the whole software development process, the overall software structure and its outlay are defined. In case of the client/server processing technology, the number of tiers required for the package architecture, the database design, the data structure design etc are all defined in this phase. After designing part a software development model is created. Analysis and Design are very important in the whole development cycle process. Any fault in the design phase could be very expensive to solve in the software development process. In this phase, the logical system of the product is developed. Software Requirement Analysis is also known as feasibility study. In this requirement analysis phase, the development team visits the customer and studies their system requirement. They examine the need for possible software automation in the given software system. After feasibility study, the development team provides a document that holds the different specific recommendations for the candidate system. It also consists of personnel assignments, costs of the system, project schedule and target dates.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The requirements analysis and information gathering process is intensified and focused specially on software. To understand what type of the programs to be built, the system analyst must study the information domain for the software as well as understand required function, behaviour, performance and interfacing. The main purpose of requirement analysis phase is to find the need and to define the problem that needs to be solved.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">In the system and software design phase, the system specifications are translated into a software representation. The software engineer at this stage is concerned with Data structure, Software architecture, Algorithmic detail and Interface representations.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The hardware requirements are also determined at this stage along with a picture of the overall system architecture. By the end of this stage the software engineer should be able to identify the relationship between the hardware, software and the associated interfaces. Any faults in the specification should ideally not be passed ‘down stream. It is the level of deriving a solution which satisfies software requirements.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><i>Implementation and unit testing</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">In the implementation and testing phase stage the designs are translated into the software domain into a detailed documentation from the design phase can significantly reduce the coding effort. Testing at this stage focuses on making sure that any errors are identified and that the software meets its required specification. After code generation phase the software program testing begins. Different testing methods are available to detect the bugs that were committed during the previous phases. A number of testing tools and methods are already available for testing purpose.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><i>Integration and system testing</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">In the integration and system testing phase all the program units are integrated and tested to ensure that the complete system meets the software requirements. After this stage the software is delivered to the customer [Deliverable – The software product is delivered to the. In integration and system testing, the design must be decoded into a machine-readable form. If the design of software product is done in a detailed manner, code generation can be achieved without much complication. For generation of code, Programming tools like Compilers, Interpreters, and Debuggers are used. For coding purpose different high level programming languages like C, C++, Pascal and Java are used. The right programming language is chosen according to the type of application.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><i>Operation and maintenance</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The maintenance phase is usually the longest stage of the software. In this phase the software is updated to meet the changing customer needs, adapted to accommodate changes in the external environment, correct errors and oversights previously undetected in the testing phases and enhancing the efficiency of the software. Software will definitely go through change once when it is delivered to the customer. There are large numbers of reasons for the change. Change could happen due to some unpredicted input values into the system. In addition to this the changes in the system directly have an effect on the software operations. The software should be implemented to accommodate changes that could be happen during the post development period.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The waterfall model maintains that one should move to a phase only when its preceding phase is completed and perfected. Phases of development in the waterfall model are thus discrete, and there is no jumping back and forth or overlap between them</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">As many find this approach particularly rigid, modifications have been made over the years and new variants of the model have emerged</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The drawback of the waterfall model is the difficulty of accommodating change after the process is underway.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The advantage of waterfall development is that it allows for departmentalization and managerial control. A schedule can be set with deadlines for each stage of development and a product can proceed through the development process like a car in a carwash, and theoretically, be delivered on time. Development moves from concept, through design, implementation, testing, installation, troubleshooting, and ends up at operation and maintenance. Each phase of development proceeds in strict order, without any overlapping or iterative steps.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The disadvantage of waterfall development is that it does not allow for much reflection or revision. Once an application is in the testing stage, it is very difficult to go back and change something that was not well-thought out in the concept stage. Alternatives to the waterfall model include joint application development (JAD), rapid application development (RAD), synch and stabilize, build and fix, and the spiral model. The waterfall model however is argued by many to be a bad idea in practice, mainly because of their belief that it is impossible to get one phase of a software product's lifecycle "perfected" before moving on to the next phases and learning from them. A typical problem is when requirements change midway through, resulting in a lot of time and effort being invalidated due to the "Big Design Up Front"</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">IIn summary, the criticisms of a non-iterative development approach (such as the waterfall model) are as follows:</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Poor flexibility; the majority of software is written as part of a contract with a client, and clients are notorious for changing their stated requirements. Thus the software project must be adaptable, and spending considerable effort in design and implementation based on the idea that requirements will never change is neither adaptable nor realistic in these cases.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Unless those who specify requirements and those who design the software system in question are highly competent, it is difficult to know exactly what is needed in each phase of the software process before some time is spent in the phase "following" it.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Constant testing from the design, implementation and verification phases is required to validate the phases preceding them. Users of the waterfall model may argue that if designers follow a disciplined process and do not make mistakes that there is no need to constantly validate the preceding phases.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Frequent incremental builds (following the "release early, release often" philosophy) are often needed to build confidence for a software production team and their client.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">It is difficult to estimate time and cost for each phase of the development process.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The waterfall model brings no formal means of exercising management control over a project and planning control and risk management are not covered within the model itself.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Only a certain number of team members will be qualified for each phase, which can lead at times to some team members being inactive.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><i>Prototyping Model</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">An easily modified and extensible model (representation, simulation or demonstration) of planned software system, likely including its interface and input/output functionality</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The main focus of this model is to develop a prototype of the software. The client then evaluates the working prototype, and suggests improvements and corrections, which all go into developing the real application.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The prototyping model is used when the client is unsure about the exact specification but has a genuine need. Then the software engineers can develop a rough prototype to gain an approval of the customer. If the prototype developed is a working model, the developers may use code fragments of the prototype when developing the final application.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Of course, the developers must resist the temptation to extend a prototype into a full fledged application. Because if this is done, the quality will suffer in the long run. The prototype is only meant for evaluation purposes. Some code fragments may be used, but using the whole prototype is not generally a good idea.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The goal of prototyping based development is to counter the first two limitations of the waterfall model discussed earlier. The basic idea here is that instead of freezing the requirements before a design or coding can proceed, a throwaway prototype is built to understand the requirements. This prototype is developed based on the currently known requirements. Development of the prototype obviously undergoes design, coding and testing. But each of these phases is not done very formally or thoroughly. By using this prototype, the client can get an "actual feel" of the system, since the interactions with prototype can enable the client to better understand the requirements of the desired system.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Prototyping is an attractive idea for complicated and large systems for which there is no manual process or existing system to help determining the requirements. In such situations letting the client "plan" with the prototype provides invaluable and intangible inputs which helps in determining the requirements for the system. It is also an effective method to demonstrate the feasibility of a certain approach. This might be needed for novel systems where it is not clear that constraints can be met or that algorithms can be developed to implement the requirements.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"></p><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; ">gather requirements</span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; ">developer & customer define overall objectives, identify areas needing more investigation – risky requiremnets</span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; ">quick design focusing on what will be visible to user – input & output formats</span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; ">use existing program fragments, program generators to throw together working version prototype evaluated and requirements refined</span></li></ul><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">There are several steps in the Prototyping Model:</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The requirements are being gathered for new system requirements are defined in as much detail as possible. This usually involves interviewing a number of users representing all the departments or aspects of the existing system.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">A preliminary design is created for the new system.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">A first prototype of the new system is constructed from the preliminary design. This is usually a scaled-down system, and represents an approximation of the characteristics of the final product.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The users thoroughly evaluate the first prototype, noting its strengths and weaknesses, what needs to be added, and what should to be removed. The developer collects and analyzes the remarks from the users.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The first prototype is modified, based on the comments supplied by the users, and a second prototype of the new system is constructed.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The second prototype is evaluated in the same manner as was the first prototype.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The preceding steps are iterated as many times as necessary, until the users are satisfied that the prototype represents the final product desired.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The final system is constructed, based on the final prototype.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The final system is thoroughly evaluated and tested. Routine maintenance is carried out on a continuing basis to prevent large-scale failures and to minimize downtime.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><i>The process iterated until customer & developer satisfied</i></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">• then throw away prototype and rebuild system to high quality</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">• alternatively can have evolutionary prototyping – start with well understood requirements.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><i>Advantages of Prototyping</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Users are actively involved in the development. It provides a better system to users, as users have natural tendency to change their mind in specifying requirements and this method of developing systems supports this user tendency.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Since in this methodology a working model of the system is provided, the users get a better understanding of the system being developed.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"></p><ul><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; ">Errors can be detected much earlier as the system is mode side by side.</span></li><li><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; ">Quicker user feedback is available leading to better solutions.</span></li></ul><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><i>Disadvantages</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Leads to implementing and then repairing way of building systems.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Practically, this methodology may increase the complexity of the system as scope of the system may expand beyond original plans.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">customer may want to hang onto first version, may want a few fixes rather than rebuild. First version will have compromises</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">developer may make implementation compromises to get prototype working quickly. Later on developer may become comfortable with compromises and forget why they are inappropriate.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">customer may want to hang onto first version, may want a few fixes rather than rebuild. First version will have compromises</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">developer may make implementation compromises to get prototype working quickly. Later on developer may become comfortable with compromises and forget why they are inappropriate.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">And last systems development life cycle would be the, The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is a methodology used to develop and refine an organization's software development process. The model describes a five-level evolutionary path of increasingly organized and systematically more mature processes. CMM was developed and is promoted by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI), a research and development center sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). SEI was founded in 1984 to address software engineering issues and, in a broad sense, to advance software engineering methodologies. More specifically, SEI was established to optimize the process of developing, acquiring, and maintaining heavily software-reliant systems for the DoD. Because the processes involved are equally applicable to the software industry as a whole, SEI advocates industry-wide adoption of the CMM.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The CMM is similar to ISO 9001, one of the ISO 9000 series of standards specified by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The ISO 9000 standards specify an effective quality system for manufacturing and service industries; ISO 9001 deals specifically with software development and maintenance. The main difference between the two systems lies in their respective purposes: ISO 9001 specifies a minimal acceptable quality level for software processes, while the CMM establishes a framework for continuous process improvement and is more explicit than the ISO standard in defining the means to be employed to that end.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">CMM's Five Maturity Levels of Software Processes</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">At the initial level, processes are disorganized, even chaotic. Success is likely to depend on individual efforts, and is not considered to be repeatable, because processes would not be sufficiently defined and documented to allow them to be replicated.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">At the repeatable level, basic project management techniques are established, and successes could be repeated, because the requisite processes would have been made established, defined, and documented.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">At the defined level, an organization has developed its own standard software process through greater attention to documentation, standardization, and integration.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">At the managed level, an organization monitors and controls its own processes through data collection and analysis.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">At the optimizing level, processes are constantly being improved through monitoring feedback from current processes and introducing innovative processes to better serve the organization's particular needs.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The Software development Life Cycle models could control, monitor large projects, can evaluate costs and completion targets, well defined user input, have ease of maintenance, there are standards in development and design. Nevertheless, it increased development time and cost, the systems used these models must be defined up front, user input is sometimes limited and it is really hard to estimate costs and sometimes project overruns.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">At one time the model was beneficial mostly to the world of automating activities that were assigned to clerks and accountants. However, the world of technological evolution is demanding that systems have a greater functionality that would assist help desk technicians/administrators or information technology specialists/analysts.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">References:</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">http://www.selectbs.com/adt/analysis-and-design/what-is-the-waterfall-model</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">http://searchcio-midmarket.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid183_gci755441,00.html</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">http://www.e-digg.com/services/software/sdlc-life-cycle.html</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Kerem Kosaner (2008), Software Engineering.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; " align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">http://www.Process Modeling Definition « Software Engineering.htm</span></span></span></p></b></span><p></p><div align="justify"><span><span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:-13.7pt" align="justify"><span><o:p><span><span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></span></span></span></span></o:p></span></p><div align="justify"><span><span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify" align="justify"><span><o:p><span><span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> </span></span></span></span></span></o:p></span></p><div align="justify"><span><span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> </span></span></span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify" align="justify"><span><o:p><span><span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"> </span></span></span></span></span></o:p></span></p>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-87038473150670518882009-12-23T04:43:00.002+08:002009-12-23T05:52:16.497+08:00Critical Success Factors<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><strong><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Critical Success Factors</span></span></strong></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">In simple terms, any organization that produces products and/or delivers services should be viewed as a transformation mechanism requiring continuous process improvement and innovation. When appropriate events and conditions trigger action (process initiation), customer requirements and organizational resources such as raw materials, money, information, and yes, processes are transformed into goods, services, and business outcomes for the customers' benefit or for the process completion.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">What is a Critical Success Factor?</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Rockart defined CSFs as:</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">"The limited number of areas in which results, if they are satisfactory, will ensure successful competitive performance for the organization. They are the few key areas where things must go right for the business to flourish. If results in these areas are not adequate, the organization's efforts for the period will be less than desired." </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">He also concluded that CSFs are "areas of activity that should receive constant and careful attention from management."</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Critical Success Factors (CSF’s) are the critical factors or activities required for ensuring the success your business. The term was initially used in the world of data analysis, and business analysis.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Most smaller and more pragmatic businesses can still use CSF’s but we need to take a different, more pragmatic approach.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Critical Success Factors have been used significantly to present or identify a few key factors that organizations should focus on to be successful. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">As a definition, critical success factors refer to "the limited number of areas in which satisfactory results will ensure successful competitive performance for the individual, department, or organization”.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Critical success Factors define key areas of performance that are essential for the organization to accomplish its mission. Identifying the business drivers for change and the critical success factors is the most important element of any business transformations. John F. Rockart concludes that CSF’s are areas of activity that should receive constant and careful attention from management. Critical success factors are strongly related to the mission and strategic goals of your business project. Whereas the mission and goals focus on the aims and what is to be achieved. Critical success factors focus on the most important areas and get to the very heart of both what is to be achieved and how you will achieve it.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">The critical success factor (CSF) approach is a technique that will aid health administrators, planners and managers to identify, specify and sort among the most relevant and critical factors determining an organization's survival and success. Following a top-down management perspective, this paper discusses the CSF methodology as a strategic information management process comprising several important phases: (i) understanding the external factors such as the organization's industry, market and environment; (ii) achieving strong support and championship from top management; (iii) encouraging the proactive involvement of management and staff in generic CSF identification; (iv) educating and directing the participation of staff members in CSF verification and further refinement of generic CSFs into specific CSFs; and (v) aggregating, prioritizing and translating activity-related CSFs into organizational information requirements for the design of the organization's management information infrastructure. The implementation of this CSF approach is illustrated in the context of a British Columbia community hospital, with insights provided into key issues for future health researchers and practitioners.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">For most businesses, there are only a generally a limited number of areas – like sales or product development – which makes a business succeed. We can select critical success factor with insights and analysis. The success or failure of your business depends on how you approach your unique set of critical success factors. Understanding these factors and spending 100 percent attention to them is a sure way to add power to your efforts and jump start towards a new level of performance.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Identifying Critical Success Factors is important as it allows firms to focus their efforts on building their capabilities to meet the Critical Success Factor's, or even allow firms to decide if they have the capability to build the requirements necessary to meet Critical Success Factors (CSF's).</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Critical Success Factors is identifying as a very iterative process. Every mission, strategic goals and Critical Success Factors are essentially linked and each will be refined as you develop them.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Here are five steps to Critical Success Factors that will directly affect your success in achieving any goal:</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><ul><li class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Establish your businesses or project's mission and strategic goals.</span></span></span></li></ul><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">In achieving a success for an organization it is always a must to identify your mission, goals and objectives because these will serve as a basis on how will you decide what could be the possible Critical Success Factors that you are going to apply. </span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">You cannot skip on choosing your critical success factors unless you identify your mission and goals. In identifying your Critical Success Factors is just like identifying your plans or your ways of achieving your goals and objectives and making your mission possible to happen. For a project to have its significance and completion in due time, it would start with a mission and a set of goals. A project can also be done without these goals and mission but it is best for a team to be specific in what they would want to conquer within the whole development duration. It would also be easy for them to identify the activities that they will be dealing with towards the endpoint since a precise set of targets are known from the very beginning.</span></span></span><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"></span></span></span></o:p></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><ul><li class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">For each strategic goal, ask yourself "what area of business or project activity is essential to achieve this goal?" The answers to the question are your candidate CSFs.</span></span></span></li></ul><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">There are four basic types of Critical Success Factor's. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><strong><span style="color:#6600cc;">Industry Critical Success Factor's </span></strong><span style="color:#6600cc;">(CSF's) resulting from specific industry characteristics; these factors result from specific industry characteristics. These are the things that the organization must do to remain competitive.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><strong><span style="color:#6600cc;">Strategy Critical Success Factor's </span></strong><span style="color:#6600cc;">(CSF's) resulting from the chosen competitive strategy of the business; these factors result from the specific competitive strategy chosen by the organization. The way in which the company chooses to position themselves, market themselves, whether they are high volume low cost or low volume high cost producers, etc.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><strong><span style="color:#6600cc;">Environmental Critical Success Factor's</span></strong><span style="color:#6600cc;"> (CSF's) resulting from economic or technological changes; these factors result from macro-environmental influences on an organization. Things like the business climate, the economy, competitors, and technological advancements are included in this category.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><strong><span style="color:#6600cc;">Temporal Critical Success Factor's</span></strong><span style="color:#6600cc;"> (CSF's) resulting from internal organizational needs and changes; these factors result from the organization's internal forces. Specific barriers, challenges, directions, and influences will determine these CSFs.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Towards these given types of Critical Success Factors, you are then ready to answer the step two and would mainly used in the business process your organization operates.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><ul><li class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Evaluate the list of candidate CSFs to find the absolute essential elements for achieving success - these are your Critical Success Factors.</span></span></span></li></ul><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">After it, you should have identify the resources, assistance, information or anything else that might be needed to reach the goal. As you identify and evaluate candidate CSFs, you may uncover some new strategic objectives or more detailed objectives. So you may need to define your mission, objectives and CSFs iteratively. Deriving other data or information about the subject of your project or goal is also important. After you have identified and specify your strategic goals and objectives, then you have to list down the possible Critical Success Factors that could be used to help that goals and objectives be achieved. This helps you maintain the impact of your Critical Success Factors, and so give good direction and prioritization to other elements of your business or project strategy.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><ul><li class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Identify how you will monitor and measure each of the CSFs.</span></span></span></li></ul><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">The monitoring and measuring each CSF’s is effectively done during surveys, interviews and research toward the people. The most important data collection activity is conducting interviews with participants. In this activity, the participants have an opportunity to talk about their management challenges and their contributions to the organization and/or the operational unit’s successes and failures. The interactive nature of the interview process provides opportunities for clarification and for guiding the interview in areas that might expose particular barriers and obstacles to accomplishing the mission.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span></o:p></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Step Five: Communicate your CSFs along with the other important elements of your business or project's strategy.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">It is a basic thing that every element in an organization communicates with each other in order to organize all the data that work along with the business strategies.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span></o:p></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Step Six: Keep monitoring and reevaluating your CSFs to ensure you keep moving towards your aims. Indeed, whilst CSFs are sometimes less tangible than measurable goals, it is useful to identify as specifically as possible how you can measure or monitor each one.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span></o:p></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;">Critical Success Factor is a great element of an organizational activity which is central to its future success. Critical success factors may change over time, and may include items such as product quality, employee attitudes, manufacturing flexibility, and brand awareness. This can enable analysis. Thus giving any organization the courage to make plans and establishing business strategies according to the mission, vision, objectives and goals that set by the company. It is a nice start for every company so that every end of the day, they could see a beautiful result from all their hardships which is the great success they have made.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" align="justify"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#6600cc;"> </span></span></span></o:p></p><span style="color:#6600cc;">References:</span><span style="color:#6600cc;"><br /></span><span style="color:#6600cc;"><br /></span><span style="color:#6600cc;">http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_80.htm</span><span style="color:#6600cc;"><br /></span><span style="color:#6600cc;">http://www.army.mil/ArmyBTKC/focus/cpi/csf.htm</span><span style="color:#6600cc;"><br /></span><span style="color:#6600cc;">http://rapidbi.com/created/criticalsuccessfactors.html</span>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-78022982404759830392009-12-23T03:29:00.002+08:002009-12-23T05:55:37.627+08:00Role of a System Analyst as a Project Manager<div align="justify"><span style="color:#6600cc;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><span style="font-size:180%;">PROJECT MANAGER</span><br /><br /><br /><br />The role of a System analyst is to help organizations understand the challenges before them to make this transition and to ensure that the needs and expectations of the client are represented correctly in the final solution. Each company needs to define the specific roles and responsibilities that an analyst plays in their organization.<br /><br />However, the general roles and responsibilities of an analyst are defined below. The system analyst is the person (or persons) who guides through the development of an information system. In performing these tasks the analyst must always match the information system objectives with the goals of the organization.<br />A systems analyst must possess good interpersonal communication skills because they must be able to converse back and forth with the client over what the problem is and how to go about finding the best solution. A good systems analysis should be able to take initiative and do things without being told. Also this person should have good reasoning and problem solving skills. These are all things that should be within the person naturally along with the actual computer skills necessary to analyze systems for a client.<br /><br />As the System Analyst analyzes data, it includes system's study in order to get facts about business activity. It is about getting information and determining requirements. This responsibility includes only requirement determination, not the design of the system.<br /><br />Apart from the analysis work, a System Analyst is also responsible for the designing of the new system/application.<br /><br />A System Analyst is also required to perform as a programmer, where he actually writes the code to implement the design of the proposed application.<br />Due to the various responsibilities that a system analyst requires to handle, he has to be multifaceted person with varied skills required at various stages of the life cycle. In addition to the technical know-how of the information system development a system analyst should also have the following knowledge.<br /><br />Business knowledge: As the analyst might have to develop any kind of a business system, he should be familiar with the general functioning of all kind of businesses.<br />Interpersonal skills: Such skills are required at various stages of development process for interacting with the users and extracting the requirements out of them<br />Problem solving skills: A system analyst should have enough problem solving skills for defining the alternate solutions to the system and also for the problems occurring at the various stages of the development process.<br /><br />Information System Project is being initiated because the new information system is part of an overall strategic plan. Also the new information system responds to what an immediate business need.<br /><br />What is a project by the way?<br /><br /> A project is a planned undertaking with a beginning and an end that produce predetermined result and is usually constrained by a schedule and resource.<br />Not all project end in a successful manner. According to some researched, only 28% of system development projects successful and 72% of projects canceled, completed late, completed over budget, and/or limited in functionality. The reasons of this project failure would come form the incomplete or changing requirements of the project. The limited involvement of the user towards the system is also included. The lack of executive and technical support of the management into the project. Basically, the poor project planning with unclear objectives and lack of required resources needed for the project.<br /><br />The role of System Analyst differs from organization to organization. Thus, any System Analyst should conceive necessary skill in order to be an effective toward the field of IT.<br /><br />Let us focus on the managerial skills a System Analyst seizes.<br />Managerial skills needed by systems analysts include but are not limited to: <br /><br />1. Resource management effectively managing the project's resources, including time, equipment, hardware, software, people, money, etc.<br />2. Project management determining the tasks and resources needed for a project and how they are related to each other,<br />3. Risk management identifying and minimizing risks,<br />4. Change management managing the system's (organization's) transition from one state to another.<br /><br />In this matter, project management is needed in order no to have a project failure again to the future systems. Hence, it gives another role for a System Analyst to function as a Project Manager.<br /><br />One question that we have asked is, “What would be the role of a System Analyst as a Project Manager?”,"What does it take to be a successful project manager?" It's as if there's a secret recipe for being successful in the field of project management. A few would dispute that nothing but experience counts; others favor formal training and certifications.<br /><br />From our interviewee's point of view, the role of the Project Manager is the one who looks into the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to describe, organize, oversee and control the various project processes by their organization. He also added that a project manager is the person who has the overall responsibility for the successful planning and execution of a project. He must possess a combination of skills including an ability to ask penetrating questions, detect unstated assumptions and resolve interpersonal conflicts as well as more systematic management skills.<br /><br />On what I have read, the planning function includes defining the project objective and developing a plan to accomplish the objective. The project manager should work with the project sponsor in order to define the specific objective of the project. Working with the sponsor is beneficial in many ways. For example, the sponsor is the person responsible for the resultant project and thus has a stake in the success of the project. Therefore, the sponsor should be very helpful in defining the project objective. In addition, "sponsors often can help secure interdepartmental cooperation and influence contractors and suppliers" (Davies, p. 83). This can be helpful throughout the life of the project.<br /><br />The project manager must also develop a plan to accomplish the objective. The project manager should include project team members in this phase. Including members of the project team in the plan development phase "ensures a more comprehensive plan than he or she could develop alone (and) gains the commitment of the team to achieve the plan" (Gido & Clements, p. 292).<br /><br />The project manager must then determine what tasks must be completed. Once this has been done, the tasks should be assigned to project team members or subcontractors. The project manager may also delegate authority to certain team members to oversee task completion via supervision of those assigned the tasks.<br /><br />Basically, a System Analyst requires a lot of skill needed to perform all his responsibilities towards and project that they will be encountering. It is not necessary that he would be automatically being good on certain skill. At least he has the ability to learn and develop those skills for the future projects he would accept.<br /><br />References:</span></span></div><div align="justify"><span style="color:#6600cc;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><br />http://www.lifecyclestep.com/open/407.2TheRoleofanAnalyst.htm<br />http://www.projectsmart.co.uk/<br />http://www.lifecyclestep.com<br /><br /><br /></span></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"></span></div>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com23tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-88636905267953342009-12-23T02:04:00.002+08:002009-12-23T05:52:16.500+08:00<div align="justify"><span style="color:#6600cc;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE<br /><br />In the spectrum of organizational change, which is the most radical type of change: automation, rationalization of procedures, business re engineering, or paradigm shifts?<br /><br />In a business world today, the most frequent question would be, “What is the best thing to do to make an organization progress?” Since our world is experiencing a very fast-changing environment, I guess we could never adopt those changes easily. It is also because of the hundred of opportunities and pitfalls passing us every moment. We will also be confused of the thousands of techniques, solutions and methods that claim to help business improve productivity, quality and customer satisfaction.<br /><br />In these buzzwords, a company President or business owner has so many choices that could be called as Total Quality Management, Customer Satisfaction or Re-engineering. We could compare them to a new bargain hunter into a massive grocery store, who are hungry but still could not choose because of the different varieties of products with so many brands, sizes that usually lead to confusion on what to buy.<br /><br />In response to this confusion, many do nothing, often afraid of making the wrong choices. Others change the techniques they use every few months, using the “program du’jeur” method of organizational change, otherwise known as MBS (Management by Best Seller). Neither of these replies successfully helps the organization to stay in the industry longer. Changing nothing will produce nothing. Implementing a different buzzword (Total Quality, Just in Time, Re-engineering, etc.) every few months often creates a “whipsaw” effect that causes mass confusion among your employees.<br /><br />Today's business environment produces change in the workplace more suddenly and frequently than ever before. Mergers, acquisitions, new technology, restructuring and downsizing are all factors that contribute to a growing climate of uncertainty. Jobs, health, even marriages can be placed at risk, jeopardizing productivity and profitability.<br />People have deep attachments to their organization, work group, and way of working. The ability to adapt to changing work conditions is key for individual and organizational survival. Change will be ever present and learning to manage and lead change includes not only understanding human factors but also skill to manage and lead change effectively.<br /><br />These buzzwords are often a hammer in search of a nail, techniques applied with no clear focus as to the why, expected results or return on investment.<br /><br />According to an article that I read, a senior management of an organization proclaimed in a memo that Total Quality should be a way of life. One senior vice president declared that he wanted 25% of his organization using Total Quality tools within a year. This caused tremendous excitement in the organization, However, the follow-through was delayed, occasionally inappropriate and sometimes not there. Many employees became discouraged with the process and considered it just another management fad. With the next business downturn, virtually all training had stopped and little enthusiasm was left. Other organizations clearly focus on technical problems and on improving what they had. They are initially successful, but become victims of their own success. I call this an improved, planned incremental approach. Their initial quality improvement teams may be so successful they rapidly create more teams, without the qualitative organization-wide changes (re-engineering) necessary to sustain a permanent effort.<br />Change is hard on people and organizations. But it's one of those necessary evils that keep companies in the lead or helps destroy them.<br /><br />The problem with the people involve in the transformation initiative in the resistance to change. The people easily react on these and take this kind of announcement as a hitch. They immediately complain to one another that the changes will going to devastate all the operations they have in the organization.<br /><br />Workplaces are faced with endless change (Herscovitch and Meyer, 2002), and effective management of that change is an important competency currently required by an organization (Paton and McCalman, 2000). The growing frequency and complexity of workplace change requires employees to adapt to change without disruption; however,<br />resistance to change is the more common reaction (Caldwell et al., 2004). As managers make decisions for coping with change, they must consider not only how firm performance will be affected but also how employees will be affected.<br /><br />As Herscovitch and Meyer (2002, p. 474) stated:<br /> Given the accelerated rate and complexity of changes in the workplace, it is not surprising that there is a large and growing literature on the causes, consequences, and strategies of organizational change. What is surprising, however, is the paucity of research on employee reactions to change.<br /><br />There is a growing interest in understanding how change is experienced by individual employees (Judge et al., 1999) and researchers are beginning to investigate the role of employee commitment in organizational change situations (Herscovitch and Meyer, 2002; Noble and Mokwa, 1999). To attain commitment, we believe that top management must strive to understand its critical role in the successful implementation of strategic initiatives.<br /><br />The phenomenon is so entrenched it can only be chalked up to human nature. But while managing change can sometimes feel like moving a mountain, it can also be incredibly rewarding, particularly when you start seeing results.<br /><br />In implementing changes, there are four practices that I guess should be accepted according to the article I have read.<br /><br /> You should have an apparent purpose or goal to a change initiative. Change should be a relatively orderly process, but for that to occur, people have to understand why change is necessary and how changes will affect them. This is easier, of course, when the problems are obvious—earnings are collapsing or a competitor has dropped prices 20 percent. Because we cannot immediately see the changes that had been made by the senior officers. Aggressive pressure seems to be rising, but you do not know for sure, and still, you have to take action. With that business rationale for changes, in those cases, unyielding communication should be reinforced with lots of data, is the best ammunition you have. It will be more challenging for them to communicate especially if the change takes place on a larger company. The larger your company, the more challenging it will be to communicate the need for change. After all, if the company has been through enough change programs, employees will assume you will go away if they just wait long enough. In a business scenario, it is more suggested to stick to your guns and stand strong to your goals.<br /><br /> Employ and uphold only right adherent and get-on-with-it type's people. We all know that the very first dilemma that an organization could have in a business transformation is the resistance of the employee to change. All and sundry in business claims to like change. To say or else would be career suicide. Based on researched and estimation, only or less than 10 percent of the population on a company is real in adopting the change. And only 70 to 80 percent of them agreed that transformation is needed they will say, “OK already, get on with it.” The rest are resisters. To see the effect to make change happen, organizations must enthusiastically employ and uphold only real adherent and people who were very much willing to explore and transform to a more new organization. But with everyone claiming to like change, how can you tell who is for real? These people have certain fearlessness about the unknown. If they fail, they know they can pick themselves up, dust themselves off and move on. They're thick-skinned about risk, which allows them to make bold decisions without a lot of data.<br /><br /> Rummage out and eliminate the people who always resist changing, even if their performance is satisfactory because among the four practices, this would be the hardest practice to be employed. Its tough to let anyone go, but it's particularly difficult to fire people who are not actually screwing up and may in fact be doing quite well. However in any organization, there are still who do not want to accept the reality of change even how harsh the scenario would be. They are so invested—emotionally, intellectually, or politically—in the status quo that they cannot see a way to improve anything. These people usually have to go. It may sound cruel on their part but still you are just thinking not for yourself but for the sake of the whole organization you are with. So it is needed that you should avoid any resisters in an organization. They foster an underground resistance and lower the morale of the people who support change. They're wasting their own time: They're working at a company where they don't agree with or share in the vision, and they should be encouraged to find one where they do.<br /><br /> Anticipate the things that may happen. Most organizations capitalize on obvious opportunities. When a competitor fails, they move in on their customers. When a new technology emerges, they invest in it and create product line extensions. Nevertheless, the valid truth that should always be considered is the unpredictable events that may happen. The opportunities should be assess on how they can affect the organization and how to make the most of them. Fostering this capability takes a certain determination, but the rewards can be huge. Bankruptcies are another type of calamity that reveals all kinds of opportunities. Of course, they're tragic to the employees. Jobs are lost, and pensions disappear into thin air. But jobs and futures can also be created from the cinders. With all the noise out there about change, it's easy to get overwhelmed and confused. But these are the only four practices that matter. That's it. There's nothing to be afraid of. <br /><br />So let me define first what is organizational change really means based on the researched I have gathered.<br /><br />The typical concept of organizational change is in regard to organization-wide change, as opposed to smaller changes such as adding a new person, modifying a program, etc. Examples of organization-wide change might include a change in mission, restructuring operations, new technologies, mergers, major collaborations, "rightsizing", new programs such as Total Quality Management, re-engineering, etc. Some experts refer to organizational transformation. Often this term designates a fundamental and radical reorientation in the way the organization operates. Organizational change is any action or set of actions resulting in a shift in direction or process that affects the way an organization works. Change can be deliberate and planned by leaders within the organization change can originate outside the organization and be beyond its control. Change may affect the strategies an organization uses to carry out its mission, the processes for implementing those strategies, the tasks and functions performed by the people in the organization, and the relationships between those people. Naturally, some changes are relatively small, while others are sweeping in scope, amounting to an organizational transformation. Change is a fact of organizational life, just as it is in human life. An organization that does not change cannot survive long much less thrive in an unpredictable world. Several factors may make organizational change necessary, including new competition in the marketplace or new demands by customers.<br /><br />These types of external forces may create expectations of improved efficiency, better service, or innovative products. When organizational change is well planned and implemented, it helps assure the organizations continued survival. It can produce many tangible benefits, including improved competitiveness, better financial performance, and higher levels of customer and employee satisfaction. These benefits may take some time to achieve; however, and the transition period that accompanies major organizational change usually is a time of upheaval and uncertainty. Not every individual in the organization will benefit personally from change; some will be casualties of change, especially if jobs are cut or realigned. But change should make the organization as a whole stronger and better equipped for the future. It usually occurs when a company makes a transition from its current state to some desired future state. Managing organizational change is the process of planning and implementing change in organizations in such a way as to minimize employee resistance and cost to the organization, while also maximizing the effectiveness of the change effort.<br /><br />Today’s business environment requires companies to undergo changes almost constantly if they are to remain competitive. Factors such as globalization of markets and rapidly evolving technology force businesses to respond in order to survive. Organizational change management includes processes and tools for managing the people side of the change at an organizational level. These tools include a structured approach that can be used to effectively transition groups or organizations through change. When combined with an understanding of individual change management, these tools provide a framework for managing the people side of change. Organizational change management processes include techniques for creating a change management strategy (readiness assessments), engaging senior managers as change leaders (sponsorship), building awareness of the need for change (communications), developing skills and knowledge to support the change (education and training), helping employees move through the transition (coaching by managers and supervisors), and methods to sustain the change (measurement systems, rewards and reinforcement). Change should not be done for the sake of change -- it's a strategy to accomplish some overall goal. Usually organizational change is provoked by some major outside driving force, e.g., substantial cuts in funding, address major new markets/clients, need for dramatic increases in productivity/services, etc. Typically, organizations must undertake organization-wide change to evolve to a different level in their life cycle, e.g., going from a highly reactive, entrepreneurial organization to more stable and planned development. Transition to a new chief executive can provoke organization-wide change when his or her new and unique personality pervades the entire organization.<br /><br /></span></span><strong><span style="color:#6600cc;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">Range of Organizational Change</span></span></strong><span style="color:#6600cc;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><br /><br />The spectrum of organizational change is composed of four parts, arranged from lowest to highest in terms of both risks and rewards: automation, rationalization of procedures, business re-engineering, and paradigm shift. Meanwhile, the term radical is synonymous with deep-seated, essential, major, thorough, sweeping, and drastic. So when we say radical organizational change, we are referring to a type of organizational change that will bring about largely significant and drastic changes.<br /><br />1. AUTOMATION: Using technology to perform current tasks more efficiently & effectively.<br />Automation or industrial automation or numerical control is the use of control systems such as computers to control industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with the physical requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can also be automated. Mechanizing procedures to speed up the performance of existing tasks. It is the process of having a machine or machines accomplish tasks hitherto performed wholly or partly by humans. As used here, a machine refers to any inanimate electromechanical device such as a robot or computer. As a technology, automation can be applied to almost any human endeavor, from manufacturing to clerical and administrative tasks. An example of automation is the heating and air-conditioning system in the modern household. After initial programming by the occupant, these systems keep the house at a constant desired temperature regardless of the conditions outside.<br /><br />2. </span></span><strong><span style="color:#6600cc;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">RATIONALIZATION OF PROCEDURES</span></span></strong><span style="color:#6600cc;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">: Streamline Standard Operating Procedures; eliminate bottlenecks.<br />It is the process of constructing a logical justification for a belief, decision, action or lack thereof that was originally arrived at through a different mental process. It is a defense mechanism in which unacceptable behaviors or feelings are explained in a rational or logical manner; this avoids the true explanation of the behavior or feeling in question.<br />It is the application of efficiency or effectiveness measures to an organization. Rationalization can occur at the onset of a downturn in an organization's performance or results. It usually takes the form of cutbacks intended to bring the organization back to profitability and may involve layoffs, plant closures, and cutbacks in supplies and resources. It often involves changes in organization structure, particularly in the form of downsizing. The term is also used in a cynical way as a euphemism for mass layoffs.<br /><br />3. </span></span><strong><span style="color:#6600cc;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">BUSINESS RE-ENGINEERING</span></span></strong><span style="color:#6600cc;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;">: Radical redesign of processes to improve cost, quality, service; maximize benefits of technology. Business Re engineering is the analysis and redesign of work flow within and between enterprises. BPR reached its heyday in the early 1990's when Michael Hammer and James Champy published their best-selling book, "Re engineering the Corporation". The authors promoted the idea that sometimes radical redesign and reorganization of an enterprise (wiping the slate clean) was necessary to lower costs and increase quality of service and that information technology was the key enabler for that radical change. Hammer and Champy felt that the design of workflow in most large corporations was based on assumptions about technology, people, and organizational goals that were no longer valid. It is the main way in which organizations become more efficient and modernize. Business process re engineering transforms an organization in ways that directly affect performance.<br /><br />They suggested seven principles of re engineering to streamline the work process and thereby achieve significant levels of improvement in quality, time management, and cost:<br /><br />1. Organize around outcomes, not tasks.<br />2. Identify all the processes in an organization and prioritize them in order of redesign urgency.<br />3. Integrate information processing work into the real work that produces the information.<br />4. Treat geographically dispersed resources as though they were centralized.<br />5. Link parallel activities in the workflow instead of just integrating their results.<br />6. Put the decision point where the work is performed, and build control into the process.<br />7. Capture information once and at the source.<br /><br />4. <strong>PARADIGM SHIFT</strong>: Radical reconceptualization of the nature of the business and the nature of the organization. A Paradigm Shift Involves: Rethinking the Nature of the Business, Overhaul of the Organization; A Complete Reconception of How The System Should Function.<br /><br />For millions of years we have been evolving and will continue to do so. Change is difficult. Human Beings resist change; however, the process has been set in motion long ago and we will continue to co-create our own experience. It all begins in the mind of the person. What we perceive, whether normal or metanormal, conscious or unconscious, is subject to the limitations and distortions produced by our inherited and socially conditional nature. However, we are not restricted by this for we can change. We are moving at an accelerated rate of speed and our state of consciousness is transforming and transcending. Many are awakening as our conscious awareness expands.<br /><br />Among of the range of the organizational change that has been mentioned, I guess the most radical type of change would be the paradigm shifts. It is because Paradigm shift is a change from one way of thinking to another. It's a revolution, a transformation, a sort of metamorphosis. It just does not happen, but rather it is driven by agents of change. Paradigm shift also involves rethinking the whole nature of the business, a complete re-conception of how the system should function. So, it literally offers a new perception to the organization adopting such change. It allows the organization to rebuild their business processes from top to bottom. It conveys an idea to the organization way of thinking to replace the old processes progression.<br /><br />References:<br /><br />http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/internet/feap/newsletters/managing-org.-change.pdf<br />http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_management<br />http://www.brint.org/KMEbusiness.pdf</span></span></div>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-59161806887233681872009-12-17T20:53:00.006+08:002009-12-23T05:59:48.642+08:00<div style="text-align: justify;"><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Wingdings; panose-1:5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:2; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 268435456 0 0 -2147483648 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} h5 {mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:12.0pt; margin-right:0in; margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-outline-level:5; font-size:13.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} p {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} span.klink {mso-style-name:klink;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:121197640; mso-list-type:hybrid; mso-list-template-ids:1458854488 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693 67698689 67698691 67698693;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:; mso-level-tab-stop:.5in; mso-level-number-position:left; text-indent:-.25in; font-family:Symbol;} ol {margin-bottom:0in;} ul {margin-bottom:0in;} --> </style> </div><p style="text-align: center;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="color:#000000;">SYSTEM ANALYST</span></span></strong></em></span></o:p><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /></span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></p><p style="text-align: center;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"></span></span></strong></em></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /></span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Last Friday, December 11, 2009, we had successfully interviewed a System Analyst from the Davao Light and Power Company at </span></span></strong></em></span><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Bajada</span></span></strong></em></span></st1:placename><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span><st1:placename st="on"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">J.P.</span></span></strong></em></span></st1:placename><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span><st1:placename st="on"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Laurel</span></span></strong></em></span></st1:placename><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span><st1:placename st="on"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Ave.</span></span></strong></em></span></st1:placename><st1:placename st="on"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">,</span></span></strong></em></span></st1:placename><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span><st1:placename st="on"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Davao</span></span></strong></em></span></st1:placename><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span><st1:placetype st="on"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">City</span></span></strong></em></span></st1:placetype></st1:place><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">. It was a nice interview for they welcomed us very warm. They offer us all a seat to be comfortable throughout the interview. Before proceeding to the question, let me define first the real meaning and purpose of a System Analyst.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"></span></span></strong></em><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br /></span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">All organizations rely on computer and information technology to conduct business and operate efficiently. That is why in our generation for today would always need Systems Analyst. </span></span></strong></em></span><span style=""><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">A System Analyst is a business professional who uses analysis and design techniques to solve business problems using information technology.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">A System Analyst has three required skills to be considered. It includes the ability to work on the technical and business side and also the ability to handle people, which is the most important skill.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><h5 style="text-align: justify;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><span style="'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Out of the all the written purpose, skills and the job of a System Analyst, our interviewee have agreed that the very fundamental skill a System Analyst should well thought-out is the communication skill. Communication skill includes effective interpersonal communication (written, verbal, visual, electronic, face-to-face conversations, presentations in front of groups), listening, and group facilitation skills If a System Analyst possess this skill, according to him, and they could easily motivate people. And with the client's side it will not be hard for them to communicate with each other and would make their business work smoothly and well. Sometimes lack of communication leads to misunderstanding resulting to project failures later on. Because this communication and interpersonal skill is very crucial in obtaining information, in motivating the people around you or their clients that is why this skill should be use in the right way and be develop in order to expedite his role as a System Analyst. They should first and foremost have people skills. You have to be able to work with a variety of people and be able to work in teams. You should be an assertive person also. A good systems analysis should be able to take initiative and do things without being told. Also this person should have good reasoning and problem solving skills. These are all things that should be within the person naturally along with the actual computer skills necessary to analyze systems for a client. A systems analyst must possess good interpersonal communication skills because they must be able to converse back and forth with the client over what the problem is and how to go about finding the best solutio</span></span></strong></em></span><span style="'font-size:10.0pt;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">n.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"></span></span></strong></em></h5><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><h5 style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></h5><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">The systems analyst (sometimes called systems architect or systems designer) orchestrates the effort. He starts by interviewing users, teasing out what they </span></span></strong></em></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">need</span></span></strong></em></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> as opposed to what they want—the nice-to-have things usually cost more than necessary. He often uses modeling </span></span></strong></em></span><span class="klink"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">software</span></span></strong></em></span></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> to evaluate what-ifs.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">System Analysts need good speaking and writing skills, too, so that they can explain their systems and give good instructions to their clients.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Then, members of the team develop a shopping list, plot a step-by-step game plan, implement the system, test it, and troubleshoot. They also might supervise the trainers, who will try their best to convince everyone that the new system "really will make your life easier."</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">According to him, the understanding of the complexity and workings of an organization in order to provide necessary support is one of their tasks which are one of the issues a System Analyst encounter. </span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style=""><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Another skill he thinks to be developed in order to be more effective in any modeling process is the technical skills. This includes the knowledge about the system application, administrative works, business functions, and technical functions. He should know about all the systems of the company. How it functions and what should be the proper things being processed by the company's system. </span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style=""><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">·</span></span></strong></em></span><span style="'font-family:"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></span></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">System Application</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">In some organizations, </span></span></strong></em></span><span style=""><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">programmer-analysts</span></span></strong></em></span></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> design and update the software that runs a computer. They also create custom applications tailored to their organization’s tasks. Because they are responsible for both programming and systems analysis, these workers must be proficient in both areas. As this dual proficiency becomes more common, analysts are increasingly working with databases, object-oriented programming languages, client–server applications, and multimedia and Internet technology. Computer systems analysts start their work by asking people what they need their computers to do. Then, they plan a computer system that can do those tasks well. A system can include many computers working together and different types of software and tools.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">After System analysts understand what the system needs to do, they break down the task into small steps. They draw diagrams and charts to show how information will get into the computers, how that information will be processed, and how it will get to the people who need it. For example, System analysts might decide how sales information will get into a store's computers and how the computer will add up the information in a way that makes it useful for store managers.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style=""><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">System Analysts experiment with different computer system plans. They try various tools and steps until they find the system that is fastest, easiest, and least expensive.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">After planning a system, System analysts test it to make sure it works. They check to make sure that information is processed quickly and without mistakes. They also watch to see if the system is easy to use. Often, they have to change their plans to make the systems better.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style=""><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">·</span></span></strong></em></span><span style="'font-family:"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></span></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Business functions </span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Some analysts also have a master's degree in business. This helps them to understand the types of computers that businesses need. As a System Analyst you must know your business processes, know your customer interfaces, know your system interfaces, know your rules, regs and laws, know all there is to know about the data and put on your "real world glasses". If you want to encourage folks to take up this role/job, teach them about critical thinking. Learning about programming, modeling and architecture are fine but I'll guarantee you that even if you excel at all these skills, if you can't ferret out the real data requirements you'll never truly be a successful Analyst.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style=""><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">·</span></span></strong></em></span><span style="'font-family:"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></span></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Technical functions</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-indent: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">When a system is approved, systems analysts determine what computer hardware and software will be needed to set it up. They coordinate tests and observe the initial use of the system to ensure that it performs as planned. They prepare specifications, flow charts, and process diagrams for computer programmers to follow; then they work with programmers to “debug,” or eliminate errors, from the system. Systems analysts who do more in-depth testing may be called</span></span></strong></em></span><span style=""><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> software quality assurance analysts</span></span></strong></em></span></span><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">. In addition to running tests, these workers diagnose problems, recommend solutions, and determine whether program requirements have been met.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Next, System analysts decide which computers, software, and tools to buy. They also tell computer programmers how to make any new software that is needed. They give the programmers step-by-step instructions. Some analysts help make the software, too.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-indent: 0.25in; text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">He also added the networking capabilities of the System Analyst to be developed. Because the main job for some systems analysts is getting computers to work together. They connect them into a network. Analysts decide how to get information from one computer to another. Many help people get data from the Internet. Systems analysts work to make the computer systems within an organization, or across organizations, compatible so that information can be shared. Many systems analysts are involved with these “networking” tasks, connecting all the computers internally, in an individual office, department, or establishment, or externally, as when setting up e-commerce networks to facilitate business among companies.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">From our interviewee, logical thinking skills are also important. Because System Analysts need to understand computers, math, and planning in order to do his job well. They need to know math so that they can solve problems and figure out how much computer power different systems would use.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">The last should be the wide knowledge on how to model data and processes. It is not necessary that a System Analysts is good in programming. Being a systems analyst requires programming skill, but as important is the ability to see the big picture: translate geek speak into plain English, identify the organization's needs, and get everybody on board. Creative liberal-arts types with computer expertise may make better systems analysts than pure techies.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">To begin an assignment, systems analysts consult managers and users to define the goals of the system. Analysts then design a system to meet those goals. They specify the inputs that the system will access, decide how the inputs will be processed, and format the output to meet users needs. System Analysts use techniques such as structured analysis, data modeling, information engineering, mathematical model building, sampling, and cost accounting to make sure their plans are efficient and complete. They also may prepare cost-benefit and return-on-investment analyses to help management decide whether implementing the proposed technology would be financially feasible.</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></o:p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">Listed above are the fundamental skills a System Analyst should be developing in order to maximize his role in an organization he will be working. </span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">References:</span></span></strong></em></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.systemsanalyst.com/"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">http://www.systemsanalyst.com/</span></span></strong></em></span></a></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.blurtit.com/q170760.html"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">http://www.blurtit.com/q170760.html</span></span></strong></em></span></a></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;"> </span></span></strong></em></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.umsl.edu/%7Esauterv/analysis/3skills.html"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;"><em><strong><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color:#000000;">http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/analysis/3skills.html</span></span></strong></em></span></a></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-86639220774965879572009-12-17T11:44:00.002+08:002009-12-23T05:52:16.499+08:00IS Plan<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> IS Plan</span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Being invited by the University President would really be a great pleasure. Since expediting the implementation is the main task to do, I assume that it </span><span class="postbody"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">refers only to the actual implementation of the Information System plan; hence it is a fact that we already have a background and a plan for the University.</span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Since planning is being the issue, let me state how strategic planning works. </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. Various business analysis techniques can be used in strategic planning, including SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) and </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">PEST</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis) or STEER analysis involving Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors. According to what I have researched, strategic plan is a document used by an organization to align its organization and budget structure with organizational priorities, missions, and objectives. As it says, it is also a process of comprehensive, integrative program planning that considers, at a minimum, the future of current decisions, overall policy, organizational development, and links to operational plans. Strategic planning is a basic document for planning of different projects of the program and their sub-projects; this is according to the project management club. It is based on the content of the Financing Memorandum and the Monitoring and Evaluation Matrix attached to the Financing Proposal and translates the two documents into detailed operational terms. A satisfactory strategic plan must be realistic and attainable so as to allow managers and entrepreneurs to think strategically and act operationally. In our Management Information Systems 1subject last semester, we are successfully done doing a business plan with our adopted company. With the help of the head officer in the department, all he information and other facts of that business plan was been discussed accordingly. As we always hear from our instructor, we the human resources or the IT personnel may lift up the company to its highest peak or eventually put it down depending on what we have wanted to. As what I have stated above, strategic planning must have the SWOT analysis. In to our preparation and to our research about the company, we have then listed some of the weaknesses and strength of the company. In such way we can decide how to build up a company.<br /><br /></span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">In conducting strategic planning, each person or part of the organization that does the planning is really up into a purpose and what are those purposes in it. According to Field Marshal Helmuth Graf von Moltke “Planning is everything. Plans are nothing”. On what I have understood, it simply means that we can really plan for anything, for our future and for all the things that we ought to aspire. We can say that it is really easy to plan directly as it is in our hands and have the planning for ourselves. But in the end, after we have decided the planning, we cannot really have the activities to do the plan. Since I am going to be invited to speak out to the University president, lets me take the </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">University</span></st1:placetype><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> of </span><st1:placename st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Southeastern Philippines</span></st1:placename></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> as the subject. We all know that all the things, activities and transactions that happen within the school is done by the University professional professors and teachers. They do have their conference and meeting about the strategic planning for the school, but once it was been designed or talked properly, at the end of the discussion and after the technical paper was made, there are still no implementation for it. The words and discussions are being taken for granted. Meaning, the planning was still useless since it was not been implemented properly. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> </span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">So what are the purposes of strategic planning? For example, in our own self, we do have dreams and visions in life. Before we are able to conquer those dreams and visions, we must first start by step by step process on it. We must have first decided on what our goals to achieve the dream. We must always think of planning as the first step. In strategic planning, especially in businesses and industry, the main purpose of it is to set the overall goals for the business and to develop a plan to achieve them. It involves stepping back from the day-to-day operations and asking where the business is headed and what its priorities should be. In the world market side, there are lots of purposes why strategic planning must be done. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> </span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">First on the list, is the purpose on reducing the risks. Planning increases the likelihood of project success by providing insights into the project’s risks. Some projects are so risky that the business may choose not to start once they have learned about the risks. Other projects may contain features whose risks can be contained by early attention. The discussions that occur while estimating raise questions that expose potential dark corners of a project. Another is to reduce uncertainty within a team. A team is generating new capabilities and potentials about what is inside the business or the company throughout the whole project. They are also generating new knowledge—about it, the technologies in use, and themselves as a team. It is critical that this new knowledge be acknowledged and factored into an iterative planning process that is designed to help a team refine their vision. Next, is supporting in the decision making. Plans help the business to make decisions. How does an organization decide whether a particular project is worth doing if it does not have estimates of the value and the cost of the project? Beyond decisions about whether or not to start a project, estimates help them make sure that they are working on the most valuable projects possible. Strategic planning also helps in conveying information. A plan conveys expectations and describes one possibility of what may come to pass over the course of a project. A plan does not guarantee an exact set of features on an exact date at a specified cost. A plan does, however, communicate and establish a set of baseline expectations. Far too often a plan is reduced to a single date, and all of the assumptions and expectations that led to that date are forgotten. In relation with planning supports in decision making, it also acquires establishing trusts. Frequent reliable delivery of promised features builds trust between the developers and the customers. Reliable estimates enable reliable delivery. A customer needs estimates to make important prioritization and tradeoff decisions. Estimates also help a customer decide how much of a feature to develop. Customers are reluctant to make these types of tradeoff decisions early in a project unless the developers’ estimates have proved trustworthy.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> </span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Consequently, all of those things are being considered in order to have a very effective and successful Information System Plan (IS Plan). As a choice, I wanted to focus on the newly implemented University Registration Management Information System (USRMIS). Today, it is likely called as the Student Registration Management Information System (SRMIS). We all know that the University had just decided to in source the system and laid all their trust to our very own programmers. I would say to the University President, that in order to improve the services to its students, faculty, staff and stakeholders, it is very good to embark on the automation of its operation towards the institution’s system. Before deciding to pursue with this in source system, according to what I have interviewed with some personnel involve in this system, at present the University is leasing its enrolment system provided by ECPAC System (an outsource program) amounting to a very large amount that would be very costly to pay per month only. Considering that the University has a several colleges and at least two computers are utilizing the said ECPAC System per college in addition with the computer units being used in the office of the Registrar and the Accounting/Finance office. While ECPAC is providing these services, some problems arises for the reason that the system is not made and contextualized to cater the appropriate needs of the different offices and colleges of the University. In maintaining the program, the University had also encountered some difficulty since the customization is outsourced and there are some limitations that are not immediately address whenever there are changes in the procedures and policies in the University. Outsourced system also limiting the University on the source code, design and architecture of the ECPAC system because the University can never own these information. The University has also the restriction of opportunity to customize and repackage the system and eventually sell it for an income generating project later on.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">I can proudly say that among all the Universities in the city, the </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">University</span></st1:placetype><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> of </span><st1:placename st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Southeastern Philippines</span></st1:placename></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> has the good programmers and IT people. When the Institute of Computing (IC) proposed about this </span><span class="postbody"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Student Registration Management Information System (SRMIS), we could say that this project will soon address the issues in minimizing the operating procedures of the University in the proceeding years the system will be use. The in house development also gives enough liberty to customize these systems. It will also give the University an opportunity to have a stable and sustainable income generating project through these developed information systems. At present, the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Institute of Computing (IC) has already developed the Students </span><span class="postbody"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Registration Management Information System (SRMIS) for student and enrolment and registration system including the cashiering and collection system. The whole recently expanded </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Students </span><span class="postbody"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Registration Management Information System (SRMIS), have aimed to develop an automated system for the registration and record keeping of the student’s records to be handled by the assigned office which is the Office of Admission and Student Records (OASR). It will also manage the student assessment in terms of how much number of units in total a student has enrolled and the corresponding fees associated with it. The additional fees such as laboratory, library, internet, insurance and other fees is being automated and will automatically reflect it on the Cashiering system. As of now, two faculty members of the Institute of Computing (IC) are the one in charge in developing the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Students </span><span class="postbody"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Registration Management Information System (SRMIS). Since, the programmers and the developers came from the University; it will not be costly later on with the maintenance of the said system considering that the rental of the ECPAC System cost too much. So, this time with this project the cost will be minimized and the University can save and eliminated expenditures related to the ECPAC System rental. Again, this project will be a great help for the faculty who were developing the system because they are given the chance for professional development. This project showcased the institute’s capability of developing information systems. Also it will advertise the University’s expertise in the field of Information Systems development. The project is under the Office of the President while the project development is under the direct supervision of the </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:placetype st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Institute</span></st1:placetype><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> of </span><st1:placename st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Computing</span></st1:placename></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> </span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">A lot of things are being presented. We have seen the good side of it and also consider the disadvantage that it will bring to the University. But in order to expedite the implementation of the </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Students </span><span class="postbody"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Registration Management Information System (SRMIS), here are the steps that I think will be a great aid for the success of the Information System. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> </span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"><br /></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Project Management</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> is the first step they would do in order for the involving people be aware and understand what is all the Information System Plan (IS Plan) all about. Then it better for the people involve in the plan on what kind of involvement they will have in order for them to participate enthusiastically.<br /></span> <span class="postbody"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">They would also </span></span><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">coordinate with the parties involved</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> </span></span><span class="postbody"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">in the IS implementation, since they will be the ones performing the roles in the IS plan.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="postbody"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">In this step, it refers to considerations such as where would the project/system suitable to be implemented or placed in, budget on executing and maintaining it, who are going to manage it and are they suitable to handle implementation of the project?</span><span class="postbody"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> This also requires orienting the people involved about the different roles that need to be played in the IS plan. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">This is also in line with the employees that will be affected with the implementation of the Information System Plan (IS Plan). Their experiences must be noted for us to know how effective they can be in handling the implementation of the new Information System Plan (IS Plan). We must determine the strength in terms of time that is necessary for the implementation of the Information System Plan (IS Plan) and even the location variable. Through this information we could come up to reasonable activities and deadlines. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="postbody"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">We must also consider the cost that is needed in the implementation of the system. It must be in relation to the overall budget the Information System Plan (IS Plan) have and the amount that is allotted in the implementation stage. And as said earlier the implementation plan must be within the allotted time. Also they should </span><strong><span style="font-family:Arial;font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">assign responsibilities and set timelines</span></span></strong><span class="fullpost"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">. This entails the development of efficient working plans that are constituted by the specific steps or action plans to implement the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Information System Plan (IS Plan)</span><span class="fullpost"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">. Setting timelines for taking action in the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Information System Plan (IS Plan) </span><span class="fullpost"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> is very important to ensure that the plan is being carried out efficiently and productively and also to see results within a specified timeframe. We should determine the time to be allotted in order to complete the plan. With this we can utilize time management and other factors concerning schedules. Other than managing time we should also consider who will manage the plan and create planning teams that is capable in planning an IS. Project management must be properly supervised and development practices are also one most significant factor to be considered. We need to better understand the plan so that implementation won’t become more complicated. That is why such issues must be put into consideration.</span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; "><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">The second step would be the </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Data Conversion</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">. This includes analyzing the data that would be necessary for the system, the volume of the data to be converted and the issues involved in converting the data. Issues involving data conversion and allocation of resources must also be considered. Proper usage of resources must also be recognized because it might cause several failures, either when it comes to implementation or allocation of data. This will be applying for the change in information system development the University has decided. All the data from the past system must be properly transferred to the new one. This requires skilled personnel that know the previous system and persons that are also trained for the new system. Depending on the data that must be converted the personnel assigned must be reasonable in choosing the type of process in converting the data. The factors that must be considered includes the time and the percentage of error that my occur in the conversion process</span></span></span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; font-weight: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">To </span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">allocate resources</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; font-weight: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> is another step in order to expedite</span></span></strong><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> the implementation of the </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Information System Plan (IS Plan)</span><span class="fullpost"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">. This is a very critical part in the implementation of the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Information System Plan (IS Plan) </span><span class="fullpost"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">in the university where the budget for carrying out the ISP will be laid out in detail. A well-made IS plan will go to waste if the necessary resources are not allocated to it. Without resources, it is nearly impossible to expedite the implementation of the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Information System Plan (IS Plan)</span><span class="fullpost"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">. Money is always involved and so even our university cannot escape from this fact. There are other necessary resources to expedite the </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Information System Plan (IS Plan)</span><span class="fullpost"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">. Some of these are people, time and physical resources. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">Resources not only of money but also of knowledge, of strength are needed to successfully implement the IS plan. It is of practical act to properly make use of all the resources available for the system. Analysis of the resources should be made. A university should look out for any source accessible. Overlooked resource could be a big lost for one’s organization. </span><span class="fullpost"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">All these and more need to be properly and adequately allocated to ensure that the plan will not fail.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"><br /><br /><br />Next step is </span> <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">training </span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">of the people involve in the Information System Plan (IS Plan). Training is also the most important factor to be considered. IT staffs that are properly trained will make the project easily done. They need to have knowledge in terms of managing data and IS plan implementation. One of the things that are essential to successful continuous improvement in order to expedite implementation of IS plan are strongly matters on the people involve around the plan. User of the project are not IT professionals that is why time and training has to done to guide them in how to use and manipulate the project. If the person is knowledgeable or has received appropriate training then implementation if IS plan will be done faster. The people are the most fundamental resource of an Information System Plan (IS Plan). Since that they are the one who is using the systems the plan. They are the user or the client of the plan; it must be necessary that they have the knowledge about and how to deal with the change. There must be a necessary training for the IT staff and the general staff to run the information system in a smooth way. Since it is new system, a new way of operating the system and the function of the system must be utilize very well.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">To </span></span></span><strong><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">monitor</span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; font-weight: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> the progress of the new system should also be considered</span></span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">. </span></span></span><span class="fullpost"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">The targeted task should be identified and the parties involved should see to it that the milestones are achieved. Milestones are very efficient measures of progress because it divides the whole project into smaller and more achievable tasks. Every milestone achieved can also motivate the people involved, as they are assured that they are making progress with the implementation of the ISP. Rather than setting a large and distant measure of progress, milestones can be used to keep track of progress in the smaller picture. T</span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">o keep track with the project schedules they must observed the progress of the project development. Any progress should be made recognize. Updates and improvements must also be identified and evaluated if it has been going well with what has been planned for the system. </span><span class="fullpost"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">They should </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">evaluate if the desired outcomes had achieved, to see if still on the trail or if still following the timetable also to find out if there is a progress or not. By checking the details of each of the tasks or summary task we are better informed on the overall progress of the implementation. The programmers should submit a progress report on a monthly basis, in the progress report, programmers will be required to enumerate all deliverables expected from them and state the status of each deliverables required.<br /><br />The </span> <b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">compare and contrast</span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> </span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">of</span></span><span class="fullpost"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> the actual implementation of the Information System Plan (IS Plan) to the original plan would be the final step. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">The original plan should be examined every now and then for detection of errors. Once errors are detected and revisions are made, the actual results of the revised action plans and the original plan should be compared or evaluated to look for the differences again for the errors, and to mull over what are the changes to be done, and what are the things to be added or subtracted. </span><span class="fullpost"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">This would serve as a basis for revising the original action plan. Since it cannot be helped that the actual implementation of the Information System Plan (IS Plan) in the university would not follow the written plan exactly, it is necessary to compare how the plan is doing when it is carried out to how the plan is doing based on projections in the original plan. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"><br /><br /></span> <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">With all those steps I have presented, I hope it could address the problems and solve it through expediting its implementation while utilizing the full potential of the university in delivering its services. Since we a state university, many opportunities may rise and make use of this and using it up to the maximum benefit would greatly improve the university. The foremost concern for this process of changing the information system is the willingness of the University for Implementation. We can never avoid a huge resistance for the implementation of an Information System Plan (IS Plan) would prove a huge risk and may cause the Information System Plan (IS Plan) to fail or never implemented. It would greatly help if the IS plan is backed and supported by the top university officials so that other parts of the university or colleges would have minimal amount of resistance. The IS plan with the acknowledgment from the university would be implemented faster if the university itself knows of the Information System Plan (IS Plan) so training and seminars are thereby held. The whole process of implementation would require much time and resources that focusing all efforts will be required for the implementation to go smoothly and immediately.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;">In our own self as well, we do have a strategic planning that was been planned accordingly. Now, it is our choice on how to implement it, how to maintain it and how to make it flexible in change without putting us into much cost.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#009900;"> </span></span></span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="postbody"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#003300">References:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://managementhelp.org/plan_dec/str_plan/basics.htm"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">http://managementhelp.org/plan_dec/str_plan/basics.htm</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://www.tdan.com/view-articles/5262"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">http://www.tdan.com/view-articles/5262</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://entrepreneurs.about.com/od/businessplan/a/implementation.htm"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">http://entrepreneurs.about.com/od/businessplan/a/implementation.htm</span></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://www.thepbgrp.com/merger-acquisition-services/post.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">http://www.thepbgrp.com/merger-acquisition-services/post.html</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:#003300"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-42377018536505558982009-12-16T11:09:00.001+08:002009-12-23T05:55:37.628+08:00Skills and Characteristics of a System Analyst<div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:#0000FF;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="white-space: pre; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">A Good System Analyst</span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:100%;color:#0000FF;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "><div style="text-align: justify;">Last Wednesday, December 9, 2009, the group one has reported about the module one in our Systems Analysis and Design 1 subject. The report mainly discussed about The World of the Information System Analyst. The reporters have clearly stated and explained the topic very well. In view of the fact that they are in the focus of System Analyst, why not dig up on the thing a System Analyst always start of. That is the System Analysis and Design. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Based on what I read and understand in the report, Systems analysis is a process of understanding in detail what a system should accomplish. It is simply defined that System Analysis is all about understanding the goals and strategies of the business. This is where the key people plan carefully and decide their aspirations and steps on how to manage the operation and business processes their organization have. Because of the plans they have think of, in System Analysis, the people should have listed the important data rations that will aid the pursuant of those goals and aspirations the people of the organization establish.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">We always mistook the fact that since we are talking about System Analysis, it is automatically about the job a programmer. Basically, System Analysis is not about programming. It is about on how an organization process to establish priorities on what they will accomplish in the future. With these strategies, these key people should pull the entire organization together around a single game plan for execution in attaining these goals. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">On the other hand, let us talk about the System Design which also another factor in the world of being a System Analyst. Systems design is a process of specifying in detail how components of an information system should be physically implemented. It is very understandable that this is where an information system is being devised into an actual employment of the design a System Analyst plan to have. The system’s components are being identified detail by detail in order for the client to express the things that are really required in the Information System. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">So what is Information System after all? An information system is a collection of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to complete a business task. Example of it would be the Students Registration Management Information System (SRMIS) of the University. Maybe we might think why these are things being tackled, but as for the benefit of all of us, a System Analyst should know about it because Information System is crucial to success of modern business organization. It is constantly being developed to make business more competitive and it has a great impact in terms of the productivity and profits of an organization.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">We are done with the factors a System analyst mainly deals with. The reporters have also point out a lot of situations showing on how a System Analyst really does their job. So let me define first what System Analyst means and what does a System Analyst perform in particular.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">As what I have read and researched on the internet, a System Analyst is a business professional who uses analysis and design techniques to solve business problems using information technology. Systems analyst has broad knowledge and variety of skills, including technical, business, and people. A Systems analyst encounters a variety of rapidly changing technologies. A Systems analyst works on strategic plans and then system development projects. Systems Analysts solve business problems using information systems technology. So as we can see, a System Analyst has many responsibilities to consider. It is not that easy because in a real world, A System Analyst deal with a lot of client. People with different personalities, with different needs in terms of the system the client want to have. So let us first highlight on what a System Analyst exactly should have. Since they say that he should have a broad knowledge and should have a lot of skills that ought to be mull over. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Also let us remember that they surely have always a transaction with any people in the industry of many organizations. That is why a System Analyst must have a wide familiarity and awareness in the field of Information Systems. It is not only with the knowledge in Information Technology an SA should possess but also the understanding on the business side and especially the technicalities they would face in every project they will going to made. Let us also focus on the skills a System Analyst should possess. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">As I have said, there is a requirement on the level a System Analyst should have knowledge with. That is in the Technical side, the business and lastly in dealing with people. On the technical and knowledge skills, these are the following things to consider. He should have better information about computers or any peripheral devices, communication networks and connectivity. The technicalities stuff, like the Database and database management systems (DBMS), Programming languages (for example, VB.NET or Java) and Operating systems and utilities are such things must be look after. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">As a System Analyst, a business outlook is also a necessity wherein he could have known how to process business functions performed by organization. A System Analyst should know how to strategies plans, traditions, and values of the organization. The organizational structure, organization management techniques and the functional work processes an organization practice. Another is the skill on how to deal with people. Systems analysts need to understand how people think, learn, react to change, communicate and work in a variety of jobs and levels. Remember you will not work a boss or head here, instead you work as a solution provider and need to consider on treating with diverse behavior any client could have. Really it is a crucial job especially in obtaining information from these clients. Let us not forget also that you would also deal the people around you, your co workers. So it is also needed that you know how to motivate people and get cooperation from them. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Again and again it is never an easy job, especially in the matter of integrity. Because a System Analyst has the solely access to confidential information, such as salary, an organization’s planned projects, security systems, other things an organization entrust to them. That is why they have to be reliable and trustworthy enough that an organization will confidently delegate to them. The System Analyst plans security in systems to protect confidential information. They must keep information private because in just one mistake, any impropriety can ruin an analyst’s career.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In today’s generation, we can never deny the fact that there a lot of transformation in terms of the trends in the technology. Changes that are very swift and could not easily handle if it is not manage well. Consequently, if this is the case, a System Analyst should have the ability to work despite of these evolutions the technology has. Then it is also mentioned that a System Analyst does strategic planning and then on the system development projects. With this, a System Analyst always considers and thinks forwardly in a business. They tend to imagine the future of having these missions of a company. As what I have learned in one our lessons in Management Information System 2, “If you fail to plan, then you plan to fail”. Thus, being proactive about the future is the best thing a System Analyst makes in their organization. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">With Strategic planning, his performance could improve into a more competitive level. It could counter excessive inward and short-term thinking. The systems or programs that a System Analyst always encounters are never that easy. It is done for a longer time and the development of the system follows certain cycle within its growth. But in any organization, we can never avoid the problems that will arise in the middle of the business. These are the problems that we never expect and especially if it will occur in the process of acquiring outputs for a system. With this, a System Analyst must know how to solve business troubles using the things that they particularly specialized, the Information Systems Technology. They must know how to solve any issues that tend to happen. Let us take these situations where we can test the ability of a System Analyst. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"> Customers want to order product anytime of the day.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> Suppliers want to minimize inventory holding costs.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> Marketing want to know customer needs better.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"> Management wants to analyze financial information more efficiently. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">These are the typical problems they could come across during the development of any system. So I could say that a System Analyst is really a tough job. They have to be very patient and persevere to finish a certain job according to what they agreed to accept.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">But if they just have these following skills and capabilities, I think they would be an effective System Analyst as a problem solver. They should have a computer technology knowledge and programming expertise. Next is to understand the business problems. That is why he should possess a familiarity about the industry. Since they are dealing about rational concepts, a System Analyst should use logical methods for solving the unexpected problems.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Another is a System Analyst should have fundamental curiosity on anything, bringing himself a critical thinking towards any problem. Even though it has qualifications of an expertise in programming, it does not mean that he must concentrate in this matter. Instead, this time a System Analyst is more of a business problem solver than a technical programmer. And lastly, despite of all the difficulty he could face, it is still important that he knows and wants to make things better than worsening it out.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">In all the things that have been discussed about the basic skills a System Analyst must possess, I could say that I could follow the characteristics of having a great interpersonal and communication skill. It will not going to be hard for me because I always like talking to people. I am confident in dealing with different people with different personalities. And I must say it is a gift that I could use if I will be a System Analyst someday. I could use this skill in any crucial transactions that I would be facing in the future since communication is the basic tool in having some business operations to other people.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Given that a System Analyst deals with integrity and security, the skill of being trustworthy, honest, the integrity and the morality are also the things I can consider that myself have. I am very willing to learn and can easily adopt with the new changes brought by the fast changing level of the technological transformation the world has. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">It is very important to work professionally because this time, your name is at stake that is why you should do your job better and always make your clients satisfied on what you have done. So I must say that I possess the skills of professionalism, positive attitude, motivated, has the energy and lastly the passion.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Because I believe that even if you are the most intelligent person in the world but still you do not have the passion and humility, still you will not be successful on your chosen field.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Reference:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analyst" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); ">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analyst</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analysis" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); ">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analysis</a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.freetutes.com/systemanalysis/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; "></span></a><a href="http://www.freetutes.com/systemanalysis/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); ">http://www.freetutes.com/systemanalysis/</a></div></span>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-59014644183901285112009-12-16T11:04:00.001+08:002009-12-23T05:52:16.501+08:00Assignment 2<div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000099;">The Nature of the Relationship of Business and IS Plan</span></span></div><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 12px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Since we are talking about business plan and IS plan here, let us dig deeper the significance of planning in view of the nature of the relationship of each organizational plan and IT plan. To have a better perspective on this matter, I would like to show you some important aspects I have gathered through my researches about business planning.</span></span></span></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); "><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Planning is something fundamental to anybody or any organization as it is a preparatory measure of some things that need to be done. As plan defines by Encarta, plan works as a system for achieving objective. Consequently, it is a method of doing something that is worked out in advance. clearly stated that it is a method of doing something that is worked out in advance. The way things are arranged or just an outline of items to be included in certain tasks.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">In any organization, planning is the most important tool in achieving its objectives and purposes. To earn success, people should have an effective business plan to be carried out. Business planning encompasses all the goals, strategies and actions that an organization envision to ensure the business’s survival and growth. It is an incredibly effective way for individuals to focus on achieving the goals of the organization(Susan Ward).Basically, any form of business and/or establishments has business plans that set out its future strategies and financial development.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Huge, isn’t it? For convenience, let’s think of business planning as being broken into two large sections; profit-making business planning and contingency business planning. Profit-making business planning is all the general business planning that must be done to start and run a successful business. The best known example of this type of business planning is the business plan. The business plan isn’t a do-it-and-forget business planning exercise but a living document that needs to be updated throughout the lifecycle of any business. Once the business has officially started, profit-making business planning will center on setting and meeting goals and targets. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">In establishing and managing the affair of state on any businesses, a manager has to set out a layout of his plans which will guide him in doing tasks concerning the achievement of his business goals. This will going to be a great help for him in governing his business colleagues and associates and direct the whole company to its program implementations. Without this solid foundation that serves as a backbone for the organization, no business will be able to have a clear perspective of its accomplishment. As planning guides the organization on the right track keeping it focused and remains relevant to the needs of its community, the reason why it exists. It supply a basis for measuring the results and progress of the business development. The key important thing is to make the organization move into a systematic and orderly way.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Because planning serves as way of proceeding for assessment of progress, most organizations understand the need for annual program objectives. When managers and leaders organize objectives for yearly program implementations, they usually set out goals made strategically to help them set the priorities of the company and organize work. And with the fast-evolving changes in our environment in the presents state of life, plans should likewise be made every now and then a very flexible one that could possibly handle the rapid alteration and transformations of various company programs and objectives intended for longer term plans. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Some definite objectives could not be anymore applicable in a certain period of time or it may be difficult to implement now that several changes are influencing the present status of the organization. Moreover, planning is an important factor to be considered by most of the leaders of an organization since this will assist them in making some of the strategies that will aid in defining ways to administer changes occurred from the internal and external factors in the community.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">In most cases, those of higher positions like the Chief Executive Officers are the usual persons who creates and initiates the planning for the business components of the company and the lower rank staff like those in the supervising and control staff and employees are hands-on to the implementation of the plans. But some organizations have these certain offices and divisions which take charge with the business planning strategies. But in common cases, planning are done primarily by the administrative division.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Having realized the competence brought by technology to the corporate world, information technology has long been integrated into the core of every business through managing and supporting its business operations. The information system department will going to be the organization’s most important areas. Information System people are treated as the most critical resources of the company. They can either help the company progress or be a failure to the organization. Thus, it is then very crucial for the company to take high attention on the center of the organization which holds its vital information. Since, information is a very significant data any organization has. The purpose and use of information systems in the beginning, is targeted towards reducing manual labor and increasing efficiency and thus reducing cost of doing business. In this case, the information system processes the essential elements of the company’s day-to-day business processes. In this side of the story, IT planning is somehow align with the Information Systems planning. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">IT planning is the organized planning of IT infrastructure done at various levels of the organization. The topic of IT planning is very important for both planners and end users: End-users often do IT planning for their own units, and they also frequently participate in the corporate IT planning. This in turn determines what applications end users can deploy. Thus the future of every unit in the organization could be impacted by the IT infrastructure. These plans would help organizations to reach their business goals and to create competitive advantage.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">For this reason, all of the plans of the organization should include not only the outside part of the business components of the company but also the internal structure of the organization as well as the factors comprising the Information Systems. The information systems uses technology to serve the organization in a more better view, the society where it is classified, to perform its mission and vision, to boost the economy and to achieve its goals and objectives through propelling business. Any organization could have a lot of reasons for keeping alive the information systems of the company. As we all know, every organization is striving hard to improve its competitive position in the global and local marketplace. Thus most organizations invest in information technology as it plays a critical supporting role in reaching the organization’s goals. Information Systems consists of the hardware, software and the people ware where any of the organization have. All of these basically support each other in order for the Information Systems aligned with the business processes. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">If we are going to specifically look over the components of Information Systems, we could easily see the significance of each element towards each other. Moreover, in most business processes, there are lot of proprietary and open source software being introduced and used by companies that could further enhance the processing of information. Software that are especially made particularly for the certain tasks and programs for a company specialization. Naturally, software elements would not run without the hardware components. All the hardware components of the company are necessary tools for every individual who were using the resources essential for the transactions and business operations of an organization. Indeed, these hardware components are invested by the company to help them in processing large amount of data and will aid in producing more accurate and better outputs with less effort on the labor. Nevertheless, Information Systems would never be completed without the most important ingredient - the people ware or the human resources of the organization. Without them, the hardware and software specifications of any company will become useless for the fact that there will be no person in charge in operating these components for the business operations. The human resources, or the workforce as we kept on saying is the most critical resource of the organization. And as with the information system is concern, these IT people are treated as highly significant beings because all the crucial information about the business of the company is being processed in the information system department which is manned by people who are hands-on to the functionalities of the system.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Since we already mentioned that the information system involves many procedures and functions, it is likely important to engross the organization with Information System Plan or the so-called IS Plan. This is where the classifying, processing, managing, and controlling of the data inputs to yield the necessary output of the business operations. In most companies, it is in the Information Systems department where able to carry out the mission and vision of the company as a whole, and later on each and every subdivisions of it should align with the business strategy. This is where the business plan and information systems plan naturally align. Where all the core processes of the company, or the business plan always inclined with their IS Plan. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">The nature of relationship between the business plan and the information systems plan is basically relative to business and Information Technology. Usually, the information system is aligned with the business plans of the organization. Let’s take the Davao Light and Power Company Information System Department as an example: in every suggestions or proposal they have to made for a new system or programs, they would always take the side of the top management who were the business owners. They are not in the right place to easily decide for the company. Thus, with the signal of the higher rank people, that would be the time where they can eventually proceed to their plan. With this the information systems plan always relates to the business plan of any company. The information system is in charge of doing these procedures that is why the IS plan should not be far from the overall business plan of the company. The IT people will be the support group for any operations that needed to be prepare. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">Also, because of the technological advance brought by the rapid changes of our generation, the business strategies of the owners were being affected and need to be taken care of. The top management should also look up to how these new trends of technologies will provide betterment for the organization as a whole. Apart from that concerns the company should also consider on how to acquire and manage the firm’s hardware and software assets, and other mediating factors affecting the information technology and the organization. Without intensive business plan and integrated Information System plan, the programs and systems being develop would not be possibly directly implemented and gain beneficial results for the business. The kinds of information systems like the operational, management, and strategic level serves the groups of operational managers, data workers, middle and senior managers. As we can see, these people are also the same persons setting out the company’s vision, mission, goals, and objectives. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">In overall reflection, I can say that the continuous use of information technology in business strategies will help achieve competitive advantage of the organization in the society. This is because Information Systems enlightens any organizations in taking responsibility together and sharing the knowledge across business divisions and improving competency towards global marketplace. Information systems aid in automating the manual parts of the businesses, giving efficient and accurate results in processing information. When the manual system adopt threats to security and reliability of the information due to data redundancy, the computerized system can speed up, and give accurate, more reliable outputs which could then be utilized not just by one functional area in the company but to all that is concerned with the information being processed. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#6600CC;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'trebuchet ms';">These made me realized that both the business plan and IS plan are always been correlated to each other. Because as business strategies being outputted to business plan carry out the outside level of the company while IS plan is concerned with the information system and the company’s core issues. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>References:<br /><a href="http://managementhelp.org/plan_dec/bus_plan/bus_plan.htm" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); ">http://managementhelp.org/plan_dec/bus_plan/bus_plan.htm</a><br /><a href="http://www.investorwords.com/630/business_plan.html" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); ">http://www.investorwords.com/630/business_plan.html</a><br />Feurer, R., et al., “Aligning Strategies, Processes, and IT:<br /><a href="http://www.acf.hhs.gov/nhsitrc/it_planning/index.html" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(10, 1, 6); ">http://www.acf.hhs.gov/nhsitrc/it_planning/index.html</a></span></div>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-87669062861730806122009-11-23T15:18:00.001+08:002009-12-23T05:52:16.496+08:00Ten Years after...<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><span style="color:green;"><div style="margin: auto; text-align: center; width: 100%;">10 YEARS FROM NOW...</div></span></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">What will I be ten years from now? What do I want to be? What should I do in my life? What are my goals, my dreams and my ambitions in the future? These are just few questions that we frequently asked towards ourselves. In my nineteen years of existence here in this world, I seldom ask myself what is my real worth as a person, asking myself what was really my purpose. Now I ask myself, am I doing the right things in attaining these aspirations and dreams I have in life? Or as an IT student, am I worthy to be called as an IT professional someday. I’ve stayed at the University of Southeastern Philippines for almost four years now, and until now I’m still confuse of what will be the future me ten years from now. Honestly, until now I’m still on the stage of confusion. I’m sure all of us who were enrolled in Bachelor of Information Technology were having a hard time especially with the standard education our University is giving. That’s why; I’m still on the level of acquiring experiences and knowledge for me to be called as a worthy IT Professional someday. Let’s see, 2011 comes, the year of my graduation. All of us will be aspiring of getting the good job where we can apply all the knowledge we have gained in 5 years in college. From the emerging technology trends arrive, more opportunities have been also presented to us. Exposing us from the different skills and jobs regarding Information Technology World.<br /><br /></span></span></span><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">In a fast changing environment we have now, I can never tell what field am I going to adopt ten years from now. A lot of opportunities are being offered and presented in today’s generation, so with this I must say that ten years from now, I want to own an IT company that will cater and render services that will provide IT solutions. And also a company that will have an expertise with management consulting, technology services that would help clients leverage next generation networks to achieve high performance. Maybe that time, using our industry knowledge, service-offering expertise and technology capabilities, we can identify new business and technology trends and develop solutions to help clients around the world. This is really an unreachable dream to that an individual like me could have. But I can say if I would have the ability to plan my future well, I will probably reach my goals and will be successful IT Professional sooner or later. Every decision must come from a plan, a plan that will guide my way in attaining all my goals and aspirations in life. That would be the time strategic planning goes in my way.<br /><br /> As what our discussion in Management Information System last Monday, it is really important to plan the things that you will do every time you decide. Planning is really significant in everyone’s life because it give us a choice what to do and what not to do in the first place. Personally, I want to plan everything that I would be encountering throughout my journey to the end. It is never been easy facing all the trials and failure. That’s why I have learned that we should not plan to fail nor fail to plan. I also believe that having faith with one’s self could help me motivate on whatever output I could attain in the future. Since there is no permanent in this world, I can never avoid the changes that will come and go. So part of the plan is to be flexible on making decisions and steps within my plan. I will prepare myself in order to achieve triumph and to improve my performance in the end of the day. Also, establishing priorities is one of the things that I will never forget since I am aspiring in an industry that consists of the World’s best. The reality of our current generation market requires people to become more strategic and proactive in planning and managing their careers. It will never be easy but I think with these strategies I would like to follow, I can say that little by little, my dreams will come into reality. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><strong>Finish my degree</strong></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">This is what am I dreaming of for my whole life now. Finishing my degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology especially here in the University of Southeastern Philippines. I guess this is very first key in order to reach out those dreams I have always in mind. This time it will not only runs through my mind but eventually be a reality. It is not that easy, but as what I have always heard, proper planning is one of the initial move I should do in order to manage all my remaining time here with all the subjects, requirements and school documents we are going to have before leaving the realm of the University. After all these sufferings and hardships, it is such a great victory when you receive your diploma and at last make your parents proud. Also, when I finish my degree soon, all the learning’s and knowledge I have acquired will be my weapon in facing the real world and starting my own career as an IT professional.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><strong>Controlling my own destiny</strong></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">At the very beginning, what am I right now is not because my parents or my friends like this course for me. But, because I take control of my own career planning for my personal goals and objectives I want to achieve. We should find the perfect fit for what we are passionate about. This is the first thing we should do, to evaluate and reevaluate where we want our career to go This is a dynamic process that requires sensitivity to trends in my chosen and related fields as well as the ability to take advantage of opportunities and challenges that will occur as time passes. Being proactive in identifying career goals is the one we should never forget for whatever you decide is already final. As they say, “touch, move!”. Basically, regretting will never been an issue here because on the first place, I’ve already decide what would be my future be the moment I enter the pillars of the University of Southeastern Philippines under the Institute of Computing.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;color:green;" ><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Identifying the specific skills</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">It is not necessarily that after we graduate good job with a high salary will automatically comes in front of us. Since we were starting, we would not ignore the fact that we should work with whoever will be training us. Example our supervisor, human resource staff, or other senior staff to identify specific training or education required to reach our career goals. Many organizations offer such training and education to employees who wish to advance. Trainings are such a good learning experience so that someday a lot of opportunities will knock on our door because we have a lot of knowledge and familiarity than the other competent. With proper training and determination, I’m sure later on I could work and collaborate with the World’s best.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Collaborate with the World’s Best</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">As I have said in the previous paragraph, working with the World’s best in the field of Information Technology is a great help and strategy in order to improve everyone’s ability. It is not that you were not the smart as they do and you frequently avoid people who were definitely excel in the field that you are in control with. Because as what I have learned in one of the seminar I have attended, these people are the one who could motivate us to work hard and can be our inspiration in all the things we are doing. Their superior capacity could challenge us that if they could do it, why cannot we? So, it just simple, all of us have equal skills and power that God has given. It is only that we differ on how we nurture all these abilities in order for us to be successful in life.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><strong>Positive thinking</strong></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"> I guess being positive is such a good attitude towards one’s goal. It keeps yourself being motivated for what you are aiming for. It can help me to fulfill my dreams and could really empower me to the very best I can be. Sometimes, we can never avoid frustrations in life especially when you opt to have many priorities in life that would literally confused us with life, making it a difficult concept to grasp the attitude of being a positive thinker. Positive thinking is a good strategy to practice in order not to limit all my beliefs and thoughts that would directly prolong my despair whenever I feel pressured. Since negative thoughts are very contagious and could affect my life very much, leaving me to live a life of unhappiness and disillusionment. I would never allow these negative thoughts to have a power to consume me with depression and misery. Conversely, I would like to adopt totally positive thinking since it is really a powerful emotion, it would really help me to attract what I really want and will offer me a great outlook in life. I would like to start a day of letting go of my limiting viewpoint, believing with myself that I could do what others can do too. This strategy could help me embrace a positive outlook for reaching my goals and assessing each of it and identify the reasons behind this. It would give me the sanity of stress free environment that could develop myself and eventually replace all the thoughts of having been failed again. I know it will not have a 100% changes to me. However, working in a job of being optimistic could possibly ease the hardships of facing every trial we were expecting within this journey of life.<br /><br /></span></span></span><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"> Maintaining a life of positive discipline and surround I with other optimist, will seriously encroaching my happiness. Treating ones’ self is also a good thing. As they say, don't say anything to yourself you wouldn't say to others. Be mindful that what you think and believe about yourself will ultimately create your reality. Your thoughts affect your feelings, which in turn affect your behavior. Remember to smile more: it will help you to feel more positive. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Challenge yourself to identify all the positive things you do in the day and don't focus and dwell on minor challenges and setbacks that may have occurred. There is no such thing as failure; only experiences from which to learn and therefore the opportunity for personal growth and development.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Therefore, positive thinking will improve my confidence and self-esteem. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><strong>Building positive and trusting relationships among your coworkers.</strong></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Let’s say that I could easily adopt a life of living with positive discipline already. Meaning having a good relationship with your coworkers is a significant thing that should not be forget. Example, in the company that I will be owning soon, it does not mean that if I’m the owner I should be the one only deciding for the company’s sake. Since I will be working with many people, treating them equally and with heart should always be a priority. They are the people where we entrust the company’s information. They are working hard to make the company progress in its highest level. So it just right to give them importance so that in return the working relationship with each other would help everyone to be on top. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color:green;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">I’ve almost give up just in studying at a University where standard education is being provided and competition is in high risk. And just imagining that after graduation is much more challenges is awaiting, I could really feel the pressure rushing throughout me. It is another journey of my life that I should face. But having just a strong faith with our God Almighty, and just focusing with the things I am really passionate about, I know in myself that despite of these things, a great future will be heading towards me.</span></span></span></div>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-39067002258557574932009-10-01T20:40:00.002+08:002009-12-23T05:52:16.500+08:00Information Environment<div style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);font-size:180%;" ><span class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><div style="margin: auto; text-align: center; width: 100%;"><strong><span style="font-weight: bold;">INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT</span><br /></strong></div></span></span></span></span><br /><span class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Today, solutions to environmental challenges are aided by an arsenal of information and knowledge systems that were unavailable for most of the last 30 years when environmental management was predicated on “command and control” mechanisms such as remediation of specific sites or compliance with, and enforcement of, end-of-pipe emissions requirements and standards. As knowledge about the causes of environmental ills has grown, so too has the number of options on how to handle them and the development of collaborations and partnerships aimed at harnessing the growing incentive-based approaches to environmental protection. As additional information technologies and knowledge management techniques evolve, environmental considerations will join other areas of strategic importance to industry.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Information technologies are unique not just because of their growing use in decision-making and knowledge management systems, important as that is. Their use has also yielded significant improvements in the efficiency of energy and materials use. This has contributed to economic expansion without the increases in environmental impacts that would have resulted had the efficiency improvements not occurred. Advances in information technology are likely to continue to provide opportunities for the development of improved and new products and services</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">An information environment can be characterized as the set of networks or online services that support publishing and use of information and learning resources. There probably isn’t a perfect information environment but we can only make use of these systems to their fullest potential.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">An information systems environment is an area in which information systems professionals apply management systems and technology skills professionally in an organization. An environment does not and cannot constitute a single, focused knowledge area such as applications in mathematics, art, technology, law, statistics, or desktop publishing. Instead, an environment represents an ecosystem in which information systems are employed. The environment surrounds and impacts the systems and technologies that support it and whose inputs, processes or outputs are closely intertwined with their information system.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Since we are talking about information system environment, let me show some myths associating with information environment.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><div style="margin: auto; text-align: center; width: 100%;"><strong>Myths of the IT Profession</strong></div></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">1. IT professionals possess a complete disregard for business concerns.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">2. Once you join the ranks of IT, you’ll work in solitary confinement for the rest of your life, living only for weekend sci fi movie or video/on-line game marathons.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">3. You must have a computer science degree to get a job in IT.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">4. If you don’t understand acronym-speak, don’t even think of conversing with an IT professional.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">5. All IT professionals are techie gear-heads with little interest in anything outside of technology.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">With these myths of IT profession, let’s throw it on through the role of IT professionals in these information environments.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><div style="margin: auto; text-align: center; width: 100%;">Demystifying the Techie</div></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">1. IT is a challenge in organizing people, solving issues and problems through better process and organization.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">2. The tech professionals role is hardly solitary nor is it confined to IT or submerged in a world of arcane acronyms. Emphasis is on business-focused problem solving.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">3. The role entails tech professionals who are multifaceted, possessing a diversity of experience and skills.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">4. The more one exercises both sides of the brain, the better positioned is the tech professional. Therefore, immersing in hobbies outside technology is ideal.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">5. The ideal tech professional is one who can take abstract thoughts about what people are trying to achieve, where they want the business to go, and turn those thoughts into viable processes and solutions.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Probably, the most important characteristic of an information environment is interaction. An environment does not consist of only one being. It is an internetwork, an interweaving thread of digital resources. Therefore, this kind of environment should not be made rigid and one-sided. I think that an ideal information environment should be one that does not only allow the users to access and view digital information but also should allow them to modify the information. In my point of view, information or knowledge is not a stable thing. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Many changes and new discoveries are being made and an effective information environment should be able to address these changes and inform the users about them. For an environment to be interactive, it is necessary that it allows the users to share information via digital means. This process is similar to peer-to-peer communication or online file-sharing. Of course, it should be made sure that information exchanged is true and valid.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">So the mere fact that interaction is such an important key in information environment, the categories of IT skills could be connected for a fact that having such capabilities is linked with interacting with different people.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">These are some IT skill categories to be chosen from:</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"><div style="margin: auto; text-align: center; width: 100%;"><strong>IT Skill Categorie</strong>s</div></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">1. BUSINESS OPERATIONS- providing strategy, policy, operational planning and execution of work processes for the company as it relates to IT.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">2. DATABASE DEVELOPMENT and ADMINISTRATION – designing, maintaining, and using files to store customer and business information. It is generally working with a database management software, finding ways to organize and store information, setting up computer databases for companies, and finding ways to</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">3. DIGITAL MEDIA - managing digital projects from conception to delivery, including: preparing, costing and writing proposals for clients managing the pitch process to appoint an agency to undertake detailed specification, design, development and delivery proactively managing agencies and other stakeholders evaluating project outcomes.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">4. PROGRAMMING/ SOFTWARE ENGINEERING designing, creating and maintaining software. It also involves analyzing,</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">designing, developing, testing and maintaining computer and Internet- based applications.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">5. ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS and INTEGRATION- overseeing the installation of necessary software, programming of databases and configuration of networks to allow efficient and secure transactions among computer systems.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">6. TECHNICAL WRITING- communicating technical (specialized) information in appropriate form to an appropriate audience. A few examples of the documents created by technical writers are technical manuals, detailed specifications, online help, web content, and training manuals.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">7. SECURITY and COMPLIANCE ensuring that systems, services, processes and information are demonstrably secure and compliant to the satisfaction of the range of supervising entities to which the company is accountable</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">8. NETWORK DESIGN and ADMINISTRATION devising a plan that allows a business or organization to use a network to further its goals. It focuses on designing, installing, and supporting an organization's network and Internet capabilities,</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">daily on site support, maintaining network hardware and software, and developing network security.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">9. TECHNICAL SUPPORT – providing assistance with hardware or software operation and application problems. In general, technical support attempts to help the user solve specific problems with a product - rather than providing training, customization, or other support services.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">10.WEB DEVELOPMENT and ADMINISTRATION developing a web site for the World Wide Web or an intranet. It usually refers only to the non-design aspects of building web sites such as writing markup and coding. Web development can range from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most complex web-based Internet applications, electronic businesses, or social network services.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">As presented, among the IT skill categories, I should say that I would like to be on NETWORKING DESIGN and ADMINISTRATION. For we all know that in this generation technology is in fast paced. Thus, giving people the privileged to use the innovation brought by these new emerging technologies. So in this sense, working in such environment where I can design my own network and eventually devise a plan that will develop in an organization that could use a network and further its goals. Since it focuses on designing, installing,</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">and supporting an organization's network, my role with be essential in site support with the internet capabilities,</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">daily.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"> The network hardware and software should always be stable and maintained. Well, it is already mentioned that with these roles that I must performed surrounded with this environment, the network security should be dealt also. It is always an issue because in this kind of environment, processing large amount of data is always the matter. These data are such significant and confidential information that the surroundings that apportioned in an organization. Securing these information must not be disregarded.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">My role with this upbringing will be very important for a reason that business and IT are two different fields that should go hand in hand together.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Upon working in a company, some things should be consider because I know for a fact that living in a real life situation is not living alone. Thus, it is always inside a group and dealing with them is much essential. Thinking that you are to deal with different people with unique personality and skills. We should find time to mingle with them in order to be a productive and efficient worker. In such time that I would face the real world, there are a lot of factors and challenges that I will be reflecting of. These are the things that could be a factor in our role to those information system environments. The principles of information organization and representation are one of the factors. I have to know all these things so that I can perform my role effectively. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">There are many principles of information organization and I think it differs in every organization. But there are three common principles that I need to consider. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">These three principles of knowledge organization that I have known are knowledge needs to be organized for communities. Designing tools to support the organization of knowledge, guiding principle must be that of user orientation and predominant usage. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">And lastly, standardization and networking provide infrastructures, which facilitate effective and efficient access to information and documents. The notion of information representation and organization traditionally means creating catalogs and indexes for publications of any kind. It includes the description of the attributes of a document and the representation of its intellectual content. Today the library catalog is no longer a tool for its own collection for the library visitors; it has become a network node that users can visit from anywhere in the world via a computer connected to the Web information space that is being used for e-publishing, e-businesses, and e-commerce. These principles, if properly used will help me to become even more effective in my job. The knowledge needs to be organized for communities is essential because I have as what I've said, I have to get involve with people because I will not work with myself alone, I have to deal with managers, stockholders, business associates, and every individuals who compose the organization or company. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Designing tools to support the organization of knowledge and guiding principle must be also considered especially for the kind of job that I have, to design and develop company data analysis and report solutions. This includes the ability to design front ends and interfaces. I must possess a talent in doing so. I have to make sure that the design I made is acceptable to the user and every individual who will take a glance unto it will surely understand. And finally, the last principle talks about standardization and networking provide infrastructures, which facilitate effective and efficient access to information and document. This principle generally talks about the demonstration and sharing of expertise and perspectives in relation to the organization of knowledge. If one wants to associate these principles into just a few words, they can use communities, user orientation and standardization and networking, respectively. I do believe that these principles of information organization will help to fulfill my role so that I will become an effective business intelligence analyst.</span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">However, I also believed that it is not an easy task. I mean, there a lot of challenges that I had to face in performing this role. And I know that this is just natural. I mean in our every action, challenges always accompany us, not to bring us down but to make us strong so that next time around, we will become more effective. First and for most is the competition. We are all aware that competition is one of the most common problems in a job knowing that everybody’s aiming to become the best. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Maybe I can address this by making sure that I am really competent. Even when I am a fresh graduate, I had a lot of learning’s because I already practice even before I graduated. Also, another problem is that technology is changing. I mean, what we had right now is nothing to what we are going to have in the following years. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Technology changes so fast I had to keep myself in touch. I mean, I have to be always updated so that I will not find it hard to deal with other competing companies. Another challenge is if there exist someone who can perform better than I do. Maybe in this case, I had to humbly accept this and realize that each is given different talents and ability. What makes sense is the fact that we use this talent and we help hand in hand for the benefit of the company. We had different strengths and limitations and it's all right as long as we are giving our best in everything we did. My inexperience can also influence on how am I going to perform my role yet I know this can be handled well if I am just willing to learn and improve myself. </span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"></span></span></span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" class="postbody"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">There are countless numbers of information environments present in the world today. With the fast development of technology, various information environments have grown so big that they are able to span the whole world. We should not be outdated with the latest trend that being produce with the fast paced innovation fetch with this kind of generation.</span></span></span></span></div>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-71153346838339334462009-09-11T20:40:00.002+08:002009-09-11T21:01:45.208+08:00Y4IT experience<p align="center"><span style="font-family:trebuchet ms;font-size:180%;">Y4IT 2009</span><br /></p><p align="center"> </p>It was a great experience to be a delegate of this year's biggest IT event on the country. The Y4IT 2009, philippine youth congress in information technology (september 8-11) held simulateneously at UP Theater, UP Film Institute and UP Bahay ng Alumni, located all at UP Diliman Campus. It was our last day in UP Diliman today. A lot of new things have been introduced to us. Interesting topics have been presented for us all delegates that we could possibly used someday. I am very open to share all the things that I have acquired during this 4 day IT convention. The event was full of interesting and educational topics. Also great prizes are given by the generous sponsors. We really enjoyed this wonderful experience that could only happened once.<br /><br /><br />..to be continued..<br /><br />follow these link for additonal infos:<br /><br /><a href="http://y4it.up.edu.ph/y4it09.html">http://y4it.up.edu.ph/y4it09.html</a><br /><a href="http://y4it.up.edu.ph/y4it09_files/y4it09_text.gif">http://y4it.up.edu.ph/y4it09_files/y4it09_text.gif</a>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-66623540219867085892009-09-05T19:08:00.003+08:002009-12-23T05:52:16.497+08:00IN-SOURCE or OUTSOURCE?<span class="postbody"><span style="color:blue;"><div style="margin: auto; text-align: center; width: 100%;"><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="line-height: normal;font-size:24px;" >IN-SOURCE </span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIkok7sjS6Lc0gI4g-1hnatviC2d4lFVk1FcR76F7qohc07OVIlrzHoPlQBfLl3Az4Q0ERlCensK_URwatCD6mlL9h8LKiQ0vw4ZZFjS7xiNyxTGO55t9GuTM_jc3rATNmA67r9grfWsLR/s1600-h/np52228_3.gif"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 228px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIkok7sjS6Lc0gI4g-1hnatviC2d4lFVk1FcR76F7qohc07OVIlrzHoPlQBfLl3Az4Q0ERlCensK_URwatCD6mlL9h8LKiQ0vw4ZZFjS7xiNyxTGO55t9GuTM_jc3rATNmA67r9grfWsLR/s320/np52228_3.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5377939572681485490" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="line-height: normal;font-size:24px;" >or OUTSOURCE?</span></span></div></span></span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-family:Trebuchet MS;"><span style="color:darkblue;"><span style="line-height: normal;font-size:18px;" ><div align="justify">If given the chance to be invited to attend a seminar-workshop on information systems planning with some of the faculty members. I would really think hard on what right decision should be made regarding this issue. Well it’s quite confusing because there’s no wrong if a company will in source or outsource. Both have their advantages and disadvantages. Let me first define in sourcing and outsourcing and compared them.<br /><br /><strong>What is Outsourcing?</strong><br /><br />Outsourcing is subcontracting a process, such as product design or manufacturing, to a third-party company. The decision to outsource is often made in the interest of lowering cost or making better use of time and energy costs, redirecting or conserving energy directed at the competencies of a particular business, or to make more efficient use of land, labor, capital, (information) technology and resources Outsourcing became part of the business lexicon during the 1980s. It is essentially a division of labor. Out sourcing in the information technology field has two meanings One is to commission the development of an application to another organization, usually a company that specializes in the development of this type of application. The other is to hire the services of another company to manage all or parts of the services that otherwise would be rendered by an IT unit of the organization. The latter concept might not include development of new applications.<br /><br /><strong>What is In-sourcing?<br /></strong><br />The opposite of outsourcing can be defined as in-sourcing. When an organization delegates its work to another entity, which is internal yet not a part of the organization, it is termed as in-sourcing. The internal entity will usually have a specialized team who will be proficient in the providing the required services. Organizations sometimes opt for in-sourcing because it enables them to maintain a better control of what they outsource. In-sourcing has also come to be defined as transferring work from one organization to another organization which is located within the same country. In-sourcing can also mean an organization building a new business center or facility which would specialize in a particular service or product. In-sourcing can also mean an organization building a new business center or facility which would specialize in a particular service or product.<br /><br /><br />As of now, IT in-sourcing, or bringing previously outsourced IT functions back in-house, is on the rise, according to experts. There is a lot of factors that should be considered in order to decide well. One of those is the global economic recession, IT outsourcing scandals, and the potential cost savings of decreasing the number of outsourced contracts. Companies are even pulling back some outsourced functions because they have found they don’t offer the speed and control that in-sourcing does. Even though there are advantages outsourcing could do, such as less capital expenditure. For example, by outsourcing information technology requirements, a company does not have to buy expensive hardware and software. Less management headache. For example, by outsourcing business process such as accounting, a company no longer has to hire and manage accounting personnel, focus on core competencies. And lastly outsourcing non-core related processes will allow a business to focus more on its core competencies and strengths, giving it a competitive advantage, however, there are some advantages outsourcing has like these Less managerial control, it may be harder to manage the outsourcing service provider as compared to managing your own employees. Outsourcing company goes out of business. If your outsourcing service provide goes bankrupt or out of business, your company will have to quickly transition to a new service provider or take the process back in-house. May be more expensive. Sometimes it is cheaper to keep a process in-house as compared to outsourcing. And lastly would be security and confidentiality issues. If your company is outsourcing business processes such as payroll, confidential information such as salary will be known to the outsourcing service provider. But still we can never deny that disadvantages of off shoring have a lot of effects to a company. Especially on the issue about the security. It is the most important thing in an organization, having confidentiality in any of their files and information.<br /><br />So if they would ask me about my stand, I would rather go with in-sourcing. The reason is to consider the information's confidentiality. Choosing personnel within a company can assure the company's operations and process kept secret because nowadays, it is very hard to find trustworthy personnel. Also, with regard to expertise, we know that there are lots of skilled IT professionals who are working in our University, so why we need to get people outside the institution and not working within the University wherein we already have people who can make or perform that particular job. Another that we should consider about our University is the financial status we are facing right now. We can never be sure if this time, our University could afford on outsourcing software packages for the information systems functions of the school. And it is better to check our resources and allocate solutions that would suit our financial capabilities.<br /><br />As what have said awhile ago in-sourcing, aside from being cheaper, is more secured than outsourcing. Though outsourcing can provide better competition that makes it a little cheaper, it would not outweigh the advantages given by in-sourcing. It would be easier for our University since they would just hire and manage their own staff. Also through in-sourcing the University could have hands-on control through the development life cycle of their projects. Instead of relinquishing control to an outsourcing firm who does not understand the University’s project as they do, In-Source allows their knowledge and direction to more effectively impact the development process of the information systems functions of the school.<br /><br />Since outsourcing deals with venturing from outside the company or even outside the Philippines, in-sourcing is much preferable because it eliminates vendor risk and vendor management costs. The University would never mind on dealing with long term contract with other company. It just simple contract between their own staff and would definitely reduced need for ongoing renegotiation. And it is nice to hear that the University would retain full control of the process and the quality of the output. True, in-sourcing assures the University’s information security and integrity and much more ensured. There will be less irregularities and faster data compilation can be done because the person who is gathering it works is within the University, thus he knows how the company functions and what is its exact needs than a person outside the University.<br /><br />Let us say that the University asked me about the Enrollment System, if it is right to outsource than to in-source. For me the school had a bunch of skilled programmers who can actually do the job better that anyone outside. The reasons would the person who will design and maintain the system is just only within the University so he/she knows better ideas on what to do. He is definitely familiar with the flow like outside contacts could not, he can easily figure out solutions whenever there are problems arising and know the best thing to do. As I always say, the University can lessen the cost if they will hire person inside, this is very important especially in the case of the University right now where they just implemented the budget cost-cutting. Because as they said so, we had a lot of competent IT staff and faculty that could handle the development of the Information System in the University. So why not hire them and let them do the work. The person inside can always do better, they can get ideas outside, and they can develop what they have. Also when the University opt to chose in sourcing, the people they hire would easily observed what the University needs since they are part of the organization. Also, they can suggest new things for the best of the systems that they made. Therefore will have better control over its development and functions.<br /><br />It is more for the University to make use of their own resources. Like I said, if there is any problem that the Information System would be facing or something went wrong, they could easily communicate and contact their programmers. It is better that way, giving them more time to analyze and solve the problem that outsourcing cannot address easily. Someday, we would be IT professionals soon. And with this, we all know that the main concern of a system would have a better security and integrity. It does not mean if we pay so much attention the security of an Information System means of taking for granted about its quality.<br /><br />I always mentioned this, but again, the University has a lot of its resources especially when it comes to skilled faculty and staff. As one of the top University in Mindanao, the University offers towering standards of education when it comes to Information System thus giving an idea of why not use these key people for the best.<br /><br /><br />References:<br /><a href="http://www.wikipedia.org/" target="_blank">http://www.wikipedia.org</a><br /><a href="http://www.ictstandards.com/" target="_blank">http://www.ictstandards.com</a><br /></div></span></span></span>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-10885643513766530332009-08-23T20:10:00.003+08:002009-12-23T05:52:16.500+08:00SONA 2009<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9hHjox9khjd_eUpkzcMRAa5EWPTh9MmmX4tyVmBGNt29BnmdcjWWNw5PGpp5BBmfOEfLo5rTspc57Qk3go9_rqJpby-S3fl_ruc3qdScDXQI0UCFlfpwbH_VDlRshvi8XhenDtaRStOhd/s1600-h/sona.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 211px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9hHjox9khjd_eUpkzcMRAa5EWPTh9MmmX4tyVmBGNt29BnmdcjWWNw5PGpp5BBmfOEfLo5rTspc57Qk3go9_rqJpby-S3fl_ruc3qdScDXQI0UCFlfpwbH_VDlRshvi8XhenDtaRStOhd/s320/sona.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5373135299098307586" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" >As what I have heard about a 9 pages SONA of the President last month, these are the things that I think areas that could be related to ICT.</span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" >I’ve got some excerpt down here from the SONA of the President.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 51, 153); font-style: italic;font-family:trebuchet ms;" >“In technical education and skills training, we have invested three times that of three previous administrations combined. Narito si Jennifer Silbor, isa sa sampung milyong trainee. Natuto siya ng medical transcription. Now, as an independent contractor and lecturer for transcriptions in Davao, kumikita siya ng P18,000 bawat buwan. Good job, Jennifer.”</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" >-From the previous SONA, the President also mentioned about this technical education and skills training that the Malacañang have been working on. Let’s accept the fact that not all people are given the chance to study much higher education in Colleges and University. So with this technical education and skills training they are offering, a lot of unprivileged people will be having a chance to prove their selves. These programs is very applicable especially to those out of school youth. Not to underestimate them, but I think through these programs, a lot of them would have great opportunities. To have a job and earn much enable them to help their families. Even though they are not a degree holder, still equal chance are given, especially to those highly skilled people such as Jennifer, a medical transcriptionist of Davao City.</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 51, 153); font-style: italic;font-family:trebuchet ms;" >“Kung noong nakaraan, lumakas ang electronics, today we are creating wealth by developing the BPO and tourism sectors as additional engines of growth. Electronics and other manufactured exports rise and fall in accordance with the state of the world economy. But BPO remains resilient. With earnings of $6 billion and employment of 600,000, the BPO phenomenon speaks eloquently of our competitiveness and productivity. Let us have a Department of ICT.”</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" >-This is such a great news to us, to have a Department of Information and Communications Technology. Thus, recognizing the great potential of ICT to create wealth for the country and the need to form a permanent entity that would promote the utilization of information and communications technology, and effectively coordinate and implement national and local ICT services. Department of Information and Communications Technology is important ,"For instance, the Digital Village project which will enable rural farmers to use the Internet to access information on prices of goods, land records, weather forecasts, local government database and other agricultural knowledge support - thereby boosting their agriculture productivity - has been dragging on for years. This is largely due to the lack of coordination among agencies with ICT functions," Sen. Ed Angara said in an interview. As stated, ICT is one of the frontier fields that will dominate the world - how we work, study and conduct business. That’s why it is such a great lost for us if we will be left out in the field of ICT. Since BPO have been mentioned on President’s SONA, a lot of hope for the people have been opened. Especially, to the people who are unemployed right now. Great chances are given by developing BPO’s and tourism sectors in the country. Business process outsourcing enhances the flexibility of an organization in different ways. Thus, helping a lot of Filipinos obtained job here and abroad.</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 51, 153); font-style: italic;font-family:trebuchet ms;" >“Sa telecommunications naman, inatasan ko ang Telecommunications Commission na kumilos na tungkol sa mga sumbong na dropped calls at mga nawawalang load sa cellphone. We need to amend the Commonwealth-era Public Service Law. And we need to do it now.”</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" >-I think this one was once such an irritating problem especially for many cellular phone users. If the government could have a quick solution with this, there will no longer complaints about stolen load. As for today, Philippines is one of the most populated Cellular phone users. Used as means of communication, whether rich or poor, are using mobile phones. If cellphone loads are always stolen, it will become harder for the people to communicate. So this is a right track for the government to amend a new law about this matter. Helping people to have a clear communication with their loved ones, no matter how far.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 51, 153);font-family:trebuchet ms;" >Again, I just hope that all these things are properly implemented in order to bring improvement in every Filipinos life.</span></div>Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1936295860492889688.post-55114464285143373862009-08-23T19:44:00.003+08:002009-12-23T05:52:16.501+08:00IT Consultant<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-size:100%;" ><a style="font-family: trebuchet ms;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg02vc9jMO8eqHdiNm5Q0xZur74jypuK4I94cVBvNkZPjghCyt3BR8zVVnWelgzGEtgMd5su6-u2K7MjG4y3tcmNhN47naLCJqFlJmlBWlfEUoQs0ZzzDZJXccNWqPnytFjtB0axUJcynKc/s1600-h/man_side_profile.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg02vc9jMO8eqHdiNm5Q0xZur74jypuK4I94cVBvNkZPjghCyt3BR8zVVnWelgzGEtgMd5su6-u2K7MjG4y3tcmNhN47naLCJqFlJmlBWlfEUoQs0ZzzDZJXccNWqPnytFjtB0axUJcynKc/s320/man_side_profile.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5373129150404824642" border="0" /></a>
<br /></span><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CBRIXSU%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CBRIXSU%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link style="font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CBRIXSU%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> <w:dontbreakconstrainedforcedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> <w:word11kerningpairs/> <w:cachedcolbalance/> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathpr> <m:mathfont val="Cambria Math"> <m:brkbin val="before"> <m:brkbinsub val="--"> <m:smallfrac val="off"> <m:dispdef/> <m:lmargin val="0"> <m:rmargin val="0"> <m:defjc val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent val="1440"> <m:intlim val="subSup"> <m:narylim val="undOvr"> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" defunhidewhenused="true" defsemihidden="true" defqformat="false" defpriority="99" latentstylecount="267"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="0" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Normal"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="heading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="9" qformat="true" name="heading 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 7"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 8"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" name="toc 9"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="35" qformat="true" name="caption"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="10" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" name="Default Paragraph Font"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="11" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtitle"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="22" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Strong"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="20" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="59" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Table Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Placeholder Text"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="1" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="No Spacing"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Revision"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="34" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="List Paragraph"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="29" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="30" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Quote"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="60" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="61" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="62" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Light Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="63" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="64" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="65" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="66" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="67" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="68" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="69" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="70" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Dark List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="71" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1073750139 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {mso-style-priority:99; color:blue; mso-themecolor:hyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; color:purple; mso-themecolor:followedhyperlink; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} p {mso-style-priority:99; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} span.postbody {mso-style-name:postbody; mso-style-unhide:no;} span.grame {mso-style-name:grame; mso-style-unhide:no;} span.articlebody {mso-style-name:articlebody; mso-style-unhide:no;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; text-align:center;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" >Given the chance to be hired as an IT consultant of the University of Southeastern Philippines, I would gladly do all my best to cater all the needs that the institution require.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<br /><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" >So the issue here is about the improvement of the internet connectivity in the University. There are a lot of things that should be considered and must be look over to in order to satisfy what the University wanted to improve to.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<br /><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" >The first thing that I could do is asked them about the problems they are encountering. Then analyze the problem well and present different factors that well though – out to. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" >The following are the things I would likely want to suggests:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<br /><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Upgrading of Computers/ Hardware </span>– before being hired as an IT consultant, I’ve been a student of the University for four years. And let’s face it, the computer units are not that upgraded in order to cater the needs of the students. The University should also pay attention to their computer laboratories. Obviously, there is a lot of hardware problems. They should allocate budget first for new computers before thinking of the problem about the internet connectivity. Even if the connection of the internet has speed up, but still the computer cannot keep up with it due to faulty and old devices, the internet connection will still be suffering for being so slow. The advancement of the computer units may be one reason to help the internet connectivity be stable. They should boost the computer speed or at least try to purchase a high-speed computers in order not to suffer with slow internet connection. Since the University have been cutting of the cost giving limited budget all over the institution, I would still suggest that if they could have at least a portion of the computer units to be improved. And also upgrade the problematic<span style=""> </span>hardware so that the computers can be used comfortably by the student. With this, I can say that the improvement of the internet connectivity will not be impossible.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<br /><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Software</span> – A suggestion is already made about the hardware matter in the University, so let’s take a look about the software. The University should use software that would not allocate so much in the computer’s memory. They should select the application that will be use, applications that are light and could not affect the processing of data. There are a lot of software that could be used to speed up the loading and somehow make the internet connection faster.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);">
<br /><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Wireless Fidelity</span> – A wireless data Internet technology that lets people connect to the Internet at high speeds through their personal or hand-held devices without needing to use cables. It has always been an issue to the University about the secured wireless fidelity connection. And to think that all the students are paying for it and have the privileged of using it, so the questions is why should prohibit the students in<span style=""> </span>accessing the wireless fidelity connection. I could suggest that having the wireless fidelity to be public is one great moved for the internet connection to be faster. Wireless Fidelity has a lot of advantages. Wireless networks are easy to set up and inexpensive. They're also unobtrusive. Also If they decided to open the wireless fidelity to the public, why not just open a new internet connection provided for wireless fidelity. As I have read, <span class="postbody">if the internet connection of </span>wireless fidelity <span class="postbody">and wired connection is shared, </span>wireless fidelity <span class="postbody">will be useless, for there will be a tendency that the </span>wireless fidelity <span class="postbody">connection will be as slow as dial-up connection or even worse.</span> Wireless Fidelity has a lot of advantages. Wireless networks are easy to set up and inexpensive. They're also unobtrusive.<span class="postbody"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Network type to be use </span>- The selection of a network type is one of the first major decisions to be made in setting up a network. Once constructed, a network type can be very difficult and expensive to change later, so it is a decision that should be made correctly the first time. Consideration must be paid to the needs of your organization right now, as well as the future of the network. Knowing more about the basic communications methods utilized by a network gives you a greater understanding the hardware involved and the problems that it may be subject to. Network communications problems can be very difficult to troubleshoot—even more so when you are unaware of what is actually going on inside the network medium. Since each type of wiring has a different bandwidth, cost, and interference limitations. the cable selected will connect to a NIC (Network Interface Card) in a computer or device that will allow it to access the network. The <span class="grame">cables used to create a network varies</span>, and it is important to consider all options in determining which type of cabling is best for any networking situation. As far as I know, the University have been using UTP cables and fiber-optic cables. This fact confuses me, because if they wanted the internet connection to be more faster, why not shift to a better option. Even though by far the most popular LAN cabling is Twisted Pair. Especially the University are under budget constraints and want a simple installation. But still the LAN requires a high level of security or data integrity or need to transmit data over long distances at high speeds, twisted pair should not be used. Like use totally the fiber – optic cable. Although expensive, fiber optic cabling is the choice for very high speed, high-capacity data transmission. In this type of cabling, optical fibers are used to carry digital data signals in the form of modulated light pulses. Since no electrical signals are being transmitted, a fiber-optic network is very secure. With this, another problem could be solve. I assumed that the University have great Engineering and Network Administrator people that could be tapped about this matter.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Network Topology</span> – Topology is the design for the physical layout of a network. A Technology Coordinator needs to understand topology in order to create the school (and district’s) network components based on budget. Since we are talking about the medium to be used for the network connection, let me also examine the network topology the University currently using. Assuming, network topology is one factor of having a slow connection, I must suggest that they should use Star Topology. Especially that the whole University is a Local Area Network or LAN. Star Topology should be use because in a Star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub. </span><span class="articlebody" style="font-size:100%;"><span style="">The hub moves signals from any node and passes it along to all the other nodes in the network. Hubs do not filter or route data. They simply join nodes together. </span></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >Star is the most common today since enables the network to remain stable, even when one cabling connection fails. If the hub fails however, the network will lose connection. It is easy to install and wire. Star Topology has no disruptions to the network then connecting or removing devices. And it is easy to detect faults and to remove parts. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Bandwidth</span> – Bandwidth includes the range within a band of frequencies or wavelengths as well as the amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time. Like the highway system, bandwidth is designed to carry network traffic. The wider the highway, the more traffic that can be carried. Just like the highway system, however, bandwidth is only a potential. Since bandwidth is a measure of potential speed as well as potential data that can be carried, there can be bottlenecks in networks that increase the overall time traffic takes to get from one place to another. As an IT consultant, I would wanted to know first what must the reason why the University is encountering slow internet connection. And I’ve discovered that one reason is about the filtered distribution among the networks connection in the University. One thing that could solve this is to increase the bandwidth. I also knew that the University have already increased the bandwidth, still there’s no effect. Even if the University keep on increasing the bandwidth, if it is not properly allocated, nothing will happen. The University should allocate bandwidth properly depending on the usage. Probably, with this, the tasks require the most bandwidth can be suitably attended to. While the information and tasks that not necessarily need high bandwidth can also be attended to at the same time. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">DNS Setting</span> - <span style="">Domain Name System</span> (<span style="">DNS</span>) is a hierarchical naming system for computers, services, or any resource connected to the </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet"><span style="">Internet</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" > or a </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_network" title="Private network"><span style="">private network</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >. It associates various information with </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name"><span style="">domain names</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" > assigned to each of the participants. Most importantly, it translates domain names meaningful to humans into the numerical (binary) identifiers associated with networking equipment for the purpose of locating and addressing these devices worldwide. An often used analogy to explain the Domain Name System is that it serves as the "</span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_directory" title="Telephone directory"><span style="">phone book</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >" for the Internet by translating human-friendly computer </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hostname" title="Hostname"><span style="">hostnames</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" > into </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address"><span style="">IP addresses</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >. For example, </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Example.com" title="Example.com"><span style="">www.example.com</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" > translates to <span style="">208.77.188.166</span>. Also the DNS has a software updates: many anti-virus and commercial software now use the DNS system to store version numbers of the latest software updates so client computers do not need to connect to the update servers every time. For these type of applications, the cache time of the DNS records are usually shorter. So if the DNS Setting is managed well, these would also a little help for a faster internet connection.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">Computer Virus</span> – is a </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program" title="Computer program"><span style="">computer program</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" > that can copy itself and infect a computer without the permission or knowledge of the owner. The term "virus" is also commonly but erroneously used to refer to other types of </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malware" title="Malware"><span style="">malware</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >, </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adware" title="Adware"><span style="">adware</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >, and </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyware" title="Spyware"><span style="">spyware</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" > programs that do not have the reproductive ability. A true virus can only spread from one computer to another (in some form of executable </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code" title="Code"><span style="">code</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >) when its host is taken to the target computer; for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or carried it on a removable medium such as a </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk"><span style="">floppy disk</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >, </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_Disc" title="Compact Disc"><span style="">CD</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >, </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD" title="DVD"><span style="">DVD</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >, or </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_flash_drive" title="USB flash drive"><span style="">USB drive</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >. Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_file_system" title="Network file system"><span style="">network file system</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" > or a file system that is accessed by another computer. Most personal computers are now connected to the Internet and to </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network"><span style="">local area networks</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >, facilitating the spread of malicious code. Today's viruses may also take advantage of network services such as the </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web"><span style="">World Wide Web</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >, </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-mail" title="E-mail"><span style="">e-mail</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >, </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant_Messaging" title="Instant Messaging"><span style="">Instant Messaging</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >, and </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing"><span style="">file sharing</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" > systems to spread. Thus, computer viruses can physically affect the performance of the computer and its processes and also the internet connectivity within a network. Resulting it to a slower connection and even worse. So as a solution, the University should install appropriate anti-virus software in all its computer units. Even for an expert, removing a computer virus can be a difficult task without the help of computer virus removal tools. Some computer viruses and other unwanted software, such as spyware, even reinstall themselves after the viruses have been detected and removed. Fortunately, by updating the computer and by using antivirus tools, you can help permanently remove unwanted software. To help avoid viruses, it's essential that you keep your computer current with the </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://update.microsoft.com/microsoftupdate"><span style="">latest updates</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" > and </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/security/antivirus/av.aspx"><span style="">antivirus tools</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >, stay informed about </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/"><span style="">recent threats</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" >, and that you follow a </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://www.microsoft.com/security/antivirus/prevent.aspx"><span style="">few basic rules</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" > when you surf the Internet, download files, and open attachments. Having an adequate protection for the computer is the most important thing. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><span style="font-weight: bold;">People ware</span> – we are done with the proper things and the factors that the University should consider in order to address all the problems they are encountering with regards to slow internet connectivity. So the last would be for the people who were involved with the said problem. The people are main key in order for all the good plans of improving the University’s performance in terms of internet connectivity. They should all be properly oriented about the properly usage of the internet or the computer, be it as faculty, student or staff. Even if we can already solve the problems regarding the slow internet connectivity, if the people would be the cause of delay, then all the efforts will be literally useless.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" >Once and for all, this is a University. We all belong to a one institution. So we should all cooperate and do all our responsibility to address all the problems that the University have been going through. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" >References:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://www.yourdictionary.com/finance/wireless-fidelity"><span style="">http://www.yourdictionary.com/finance/wireless-fidelity</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://ide.ed.psu.edu/itsc/portfolio/itscKristinH/aect/areas/1media/1_16.htm"><span style="">http://ide.ed.psu.edu/itsc/portfolio/itscKristinH/aect/areas/1media/1_16.htm</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/"><span style="">http://en.wikipedia.org</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="http://fcit.usf.edu/Network/chap5/chap5.htm"><span style="">http://fcit.usf.edu/Network/chap5/chap5.htm</span></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a name="coax"></a></span><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(0, 0, 153);"><span style=";font-size:100%;" ><o:p> </o:p></span></p> Marren Joyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17387010930156292740noreply@blogger.com1